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Dog Sweaters


Sweaters for Dogs

Dogs in sweaters? What could be better! Do dogs benefit from wearing coats and sweaters? Sure! Some dogs even like the comfort of wearing a sweater indoors as well as outdoors.

There’s a lot to consider when taking your dog out for a walk on a cold day. We want our dogs to get outside to play, get exercise, meet up with pals, and do some exploring. But how do you determine how long you can safely stay outside in the wintertime, and is there anything you can do to help your dog stay warm and comfy?

Dogs react differently to dropping temperatures depending on their breed, size, length of hair, and age. Dogs that have been bred and thrive in cold Northern climes (like Siberian Huskies, Newfoundlands, and Samoyeds, with their thick, double-layered coats) will be able to better tolerate cold compared with breeds that have exceptionally thin coats, like Greyhounds and Xoloitzcuintli.

When considering your dog's tolerance for cold, you’ve also got to factor in the age of your dog, the size of your dog, body fat, and conditioning. Young and old dogs are more susceptible to the cold, and smaller breeds are prone to lose body heat faster than larger breeds.

On top of that, you’ve got to consider the type of cold that your dog will be facing - depending on the wind factor, whether it’s damp, snowing, or raining, and whether your dog will be active on your outing.

For a round-up of how to take care of your dog as the temperature drops, check out the online article How Cold is Too Cold for Your Dog? by Jennifer Coates, DVM.

The bottom line, according to Dr. Coates? 


"In general, cold temperatures should not become a problem for most dogs until they fall below 45°F, at which point some cold-averse dogs might begin to feel uncomfortable. When temperatures fall below 32°F, owners of small breed dogs, dogs with thin coats, and/or very young, old, or sick dogs should pay close attention to their pet’s well-being. Once temperatures drop under 20°F, all owners need to be aware that their dogs could potentially develop cold-associated health problems like hypothermia and frostbite.

The best way to monitor dogs when it’s cold is to keep a close eye on their behavior. If you notice your dog shivering, acting anxious, whining, slowing down, searching out warm locations, or holding up one or more paws, it’s time to head inside.” Jennifer Coates, DVM 


Photo via Aardman Studios

Wooly Comfort and Joy

The fun part of keeping your dog warm during the chilly months? You can help your four-footed friend stay warm and unabashedly fashionable in a hand-knit sweater, designed by dog-loving knitters.

Below are some knit and crochet patterns for dog sweaters for various sizes and breeds – from large long-haired dogs to small, large-necked pugs. Most patterns are sized for Small, Medium, Large, and Extra Large, so don’t assume that a pattern for a large dog can’t be sized down, and vice versa. Some patterns are also for XS and Petite sizes.

You can knit your dog a super-comfy warm sweater in colors and patterns you can’t buy in a pet store. It’s your chance to knit a bright orange sweater for your small dog so you can quickly spot him in the dog run park!

It’s easy to picture a Golden Labrador donning a distinguished cable knit sweater, a Scottish Terrier rocking a hooded sweater, and a Beagle in a dashing multicolored striped sweater.

The patterns are offered for free from various sites – just click on the curated links below. Some links take you directly to the pattern page. Others take you to a page where you’ll need to sign up for an account before being able to download the pattern for free. But afterwards, you’ll be on your way to making something for your dog pal that’s both fashionable and practical!

If you have more than one pooch, will you make them matching sweaters? Or, will you knit a sweater to match one of your own?

Either way, your dog will thank you. Wishing you many happy winter walks beside your pal...


Clifford Dog Sweater by Lion Brand Yarn 


Cowichan Style Dog Coat by Bernat Design Studio


Bernat Dog Coat with cargo pockets


Harness Friendly Dog Sweater by Jacqueline Cieslak


Paw Print Dog Sweater by Kj Hay


King of the Beasts by Lion Brand Yarn


Cabled Dog Sweater by Linda Cyr


Asta Crocheted Dog Sweater published by Lion Brand Yarn


Bernat Crocheted Dog Coat


Patons Cables and Hearts Dog Coat, published in Yarnspirations


Bernat Knit Dog Coat, published in Yarnspirations


Bernat Hoodie Dog Coat, published in Yarnspirations


Patons Biscuits & Bones Dog Coat, published in Yarnspirations


The Patriot Dog Sweater by Lion Brand


Marley Crocheted Dog Sweater by Lion Brand


Modernist Dog Sweater by Lion Brand


Hunter’s Urban Dog Sweater by Lion Brand


Buster Dog Sweater by Berroco


Skull and Crossbones Dog Coat by Ellen Mallett

Ready for more knitting ideas and tutorials? Visit our posts Knitting Videos and Yarn and Knitting Basics.


And, search online for free knitting and crocheting patterns. See our blog post about a special Digitized Magazine site, and another post about where to find 35,000 free patterns.


Click on our SHOPS button below to see more of our curated stores!

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

FREE ART BOOKS ONLINE  Start your own free collection of art books from three major museums.

DISCOVER SASHIKO STITCHING  Learn how to make traditional Japanese decorative stitches for quilting, mending, and upcycling.

BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

HOW TO MAKE A LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINT  Watch how-to videos for beginners explaining the basic step-by-step process of making a linoleum block print.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

MAGNETIC CLAY CERAMICS Ceramic artists working with magnetic clay can play with the forces of nature to create fantastical structures.

How to Make an 8 Bit Video Game Cross Stitch

cross stitch needel and thread

How to Make an 8 Bit Video Game Cross Stitch

8 bit cross stitch

Photo via Pixelkin's Make Your Own Video Game Cross-Stitch!

Making a cross-stitch picture based on an 8-bit video game character or setting is a perfect project for those who are nostalgic for early video games. 

Imagine a picture made up of little x’s, all the same size, with a color palette that’s as simple or as complex as it needs to be to make the image. A cross stitch picture is made up of a series squares formed by one stitch crossing another stitch. The little ‘x’ squares are stitched with a needle and thread on a piece of woven fabric, which has vertical and horizontal threads – a grid. The weave has obvious openings between the threads, with enough room for the needle and thread to pass through.

8-bit images from early video games are made up of pixelswhich look like little squares. The word 'pixel' was invented from "picture element," and is defined as the basic unit of programmable color on a computer display or in a computer image. 

In the video below, Courtney Holmes of Pixelkin walks us through the process of creating cross-stitch artwork based on your favorite 8-bit game character.

The Steps

Choose a Character – There are so many great characters to choose from! But, you might want to consider a character with few colors and shading for your first project. Keep it simple when you're starting out. With practice, you'll be able to tackle your favorite characters, no matter how complex their designs are. 

Make the Pattern – Print out a character in color. You’re going to create a grid pattern that will translate into your cross stitch. To do that, use a pen or pencil and a ruler, and draw right on your printout. Draw vertical and horizontal lines which map out the edges of the pixel boxes. Then, number the grid boxes, both at the top and on the left hand side.

Assemble your Supplies and Materials - Below is a list of items to get you started (links below are to Amazon. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases - at no extra cost to you):

Embroidery needles or Cross Stitch needles – these needles have bigger eyes to accommodate the embroidery thread thickness.

Embroidery floss – cotton floss is the most commonly used embroidery and cross stitch thread. They are made up of 6 strands that are easily separable and loosely twisted together. It’s easiest to use lengths that are 12 – 14” to prevent knotting. Two companies that have been manufacturing floss since the 1800s, and are considered the best to use, are DMC and Anchor. You can also use silk and metallic thread (for accents, shading, embellishments, and overall sparkly goodness), or hand dyed threads which can create variegated patterns.

Cross stitch fabric – this fabric is stiffer than most fabrics, and has spaces, or holes, between the vertical and horizontal woven threads, allowing for easy and even stitching. Tip: you don’t need to use white fabric. You can choose a color that’s a good contrast for your character. Recommended: 14 count cotton fabric by Aida (Aida cross stitch fabrics are woven with the threads grouped together into bundles – which creates obvious holes for your needle work).

Scissors - you'll want to work with small, precise scissors meant for clipping details, with handles designed for comfort.

Embroidery hoop - polished bamboo hoops are easy to use, and come in several sizes. It's good to have several sizes on hand if you like to create different sized cross stitch pieces, based on the image you're making.

Below is a video from MadeByMarzipan which details everything you need to know about Cross Stitching for Beginners. 

If you prefer beginner instructions in text and illustrations, click over to Stitched Modern's 'A Beginner's Guide to Cross Stitch' for a great tutorial.

Helpful Tips and Links


For a guide of different cross-stitch pattern-making computer programs, check out Lord Libidan's review page

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Looking for free online cross stitch generators? Check out patternsforyou.com, myphotostitch.com, and craftdesignonline.com

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Make Magazine has a tutorial for creating cross-stitch patterns from images using myphotostitch.com

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Check out Lord Libidan's 500+ free cross stitch patterns, including Video Game characters, TV and Film characters, and Anime Characters.   

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Use the free-to-use make8bitart to draw your own pixel art, and use to design embroidery or cross stitch patterns. 

&

Use step-by-step pictorial tutorials for embroidery and cross stitching from Shanon Downey.

For your library...

Do you collect crafting books? Check out a page of various cross stitching bookshow-to's, classic designs, subversive designs, feminist-based patterns, miniature designs, and trendy and traditional designs.

Did You Know?

“Cross-stitch is the oldest form of embroidery and can be found all over the world since the middle ages. Many folk museums show examples of clothing decorated with cross-stitch, especially from continental Europe, Asia, and Eastern and Central Europe.

The cross-stitch sampler is called that because it was generally stitched by a young girl to learn how to stitch and to record alphabet and other patterns to be used in her household sewing. These samples of her stitching could be referred back to over the years. Often, motifs and initials were stitched on household items to identify their owner, or simply to decorate the otherwise-plain cloth. The earliest known cross stitch sampler made in the United States is currently housed at Pilgrim Hall in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The sampler was created by Loara Standish, daughter of Captain Myles Standish and pioneer of the Leviathan stitch, circa 1653.

Traditionally, cross-stitch was used to embellish items like household linens, tablecloths, dishcloths, and doilies (only a small portion of which would actually be embroidered, such as a border). Although there are many cross-stitchers who still employ it in this fashion, it is now increasingly popular to work the pattern on pieces of fabric and hang them on the wall for decoration. Cross-stitch is also often used to make greeting cards, pillowtops, or as inserts for box tops, coasters and trivets.

Multicoloured, shaded, painting-like patterns as we know them today are a fairly modern development, deriving from similar shaded patterns of Berlin wool work of the mid-nineteenth century. Besides designs created expressly for cross-stitch, there are software programs that convert a photograph or a fine art image into a chart suitable for stitching. One example of this is in the cross-stitched reproduction of the Sistine Chapel charted and stitched by Joanna Lopianowski-Roberts.

There are many cross-stitching "guilds" and groups across the United States and Europe which offer classes, collaborate on large projects, stitch for charity, and provide other ways for local cross-stitchers to get to know one another. Individually owned local needlework shops (LNS) often have stitching nights at their shops, or host weekend stitching retreats."

Source: Cross Stitch Wiki

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

FREE ART BOOKS ONLINE  Start your own free collection of art books from three major museums.

DISCOVER SASHIKO STITCHING  Learn how to make traditional Japanese decorative stitches for quilting, mending, and upcycling.

BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

HOW TO MAKE A LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINT  Watch how-to videos for beginners explaining the basic step-by-step process of making a linoleum block print.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

MAGNETIC CLAY CERAMICS Ceramic artists working with magnetic clay can play with the forces of nature to create fantastical structures.

How to Make a Journal

a journal

How to Make a Journal 

Journal by @mereljournals

Create a Unique Bound Book 

Journals are a great way to:

  • Record a specific event, such as a wedding or a trip
  • Write down ideas, dreams, and memories
  • Write down daily thoughts and events
  • Write down favorite quotes or jokes
  • Turn an idea into an illustrated story
  • Practice drawing skills
  • Write lists
  • Collect favorite stickers
  • Make collages
  • Write about a baby’s first year
  • Commemorate a birthday or other special event
  • Draw designs on graph paper

Journal by lili scratchy on flickr

Sewing machines and needles aren’t just for fabric. Making a personalized and hand-crafted journal is a great paper craft project that also incorporates sewing. Once you get the hang of sewing paper, you'll be able to create journals of mixed papers and sizes. 

Your journal can be made with plain paper, graph paper, watercolor paper, rag paper, copy paper, ruled paper, recycled paper, junk paper, brochures, advertisements, and paper from newspapers and magazines. Make a book out of the same type of paper, or mix up types and shapes of paper. 

Would you like to print out some free art images to use in your journal? See the end of this post for helpful links.

Journal by a fabric dyer from @srithreads

Below are videos showing different techniques for making simple journals, zines, or small books – perfect for a beginner. 

Making your own journal from scratch gives you the opportunity to make something a specific size or shape, and to make the cover out of your choice of card stock. It also allows you to include pockets.

The videos below show step-by-step instructions for binding and assembling a journal, by hand and by machine.

  • The first video shows you how to bind a journal. 
  • The second video shows you how to assemble a journal using needle and thread.
  • The third video shows you how to make various journals using a sewing machine.

Sewing a Journal by Hand

In the first two videos, crafter Johanna Clough uses a needle and thread to stitch together different-sized pieces of paper. She stitches together a series of 'signatures,' or groups of sheets, folded in the middle. 

This is a great project for using up scraps of paper. Having different-sized pieces of paper gives her journal an added layer of surprise. And, pockets within the journal gives you a place to store ephemera.

Do you have a stack of your child's drawings that need to be organized? A hand made journal is a wonderful way to create a keepsake of drawings of various sizes, making a little book that can last for years.

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

FREE ART BOOKS ONLINE  Start your own free collection of art books from three major museums.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

DISCOVER SASHIKO STITCHING  Learn how to make traditional Japanese decorative stitches for quilting, mending, and upcycling.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

Sewing a Journal with a Sewing Machine

Dana from Made Everyday has a fun tutorial on sewing paper journals. She uses a standard sewing machine and regular sewing thread. She shows you how to make a simple journal with a card stock cover, how to add pockets to a journal, how to sew with a decorative plastic sheet, how to make rounded corners, and how to add leather ties and elastic.

Note: Before you dive into sewing paper with a machine, you might want to test different stitch lengths to see which is the best for the paper you plan to use.

Journal-Making Supplies

Need supplies to make your own journals? Below is a list of arts and crafts items that are great additions to a maker's nook or studio. [Some of the links below are affiliate links, which means that if you choose to make a purchase, I will earn a commission, at no additional cost to you.  As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.] 

Free Art Images

There are many ways to get free images to print out and use in arts and crafts projects. For creating a journal, you could use a favorite painting or print image for your journal cover, special pockets, or inside pages. Use them as section separators, or add text and images on top of them.

Click on the links below to discover what you can print out and use:

  • Museum Collection Images - In the past few years, many museums, libraries, and corporate collections have uploaded their photo libraries online and made them available to the public. Some have even made their images open to public domain use, with free downloads. Click through for 15+ resources.
  • Vintage Graphics Image Bank - Searching for free images online can be time-consuming and daunting.  The Graphics Fairy site has an image bank of over 5000 images, and is easily searchable by vintage graphics type and theme. Available for free on The Graphics Fairy are vintage stock images, antique graphics, illustrations, and printables that are in the public domain. You can search by themes such as children, advertising, wedding, flowers, postcards, travel, garden, animal, retro, maps, botanicals, natural history, and many more. Hover your mouse over "Categories" in the top menu and you'll see a list of 78 different categories you can dive into.
  • Vintage Maps - If you love using vintage maps in projects, you’re in luck. The Lionel Pincus & Princess Firyal Map Division of the New York Public Library includes more than 20,000 cartographic works, and they’ve been made available as free high resolution downloads. You can view the maps through the New York Public Library’s Digital Collections page. To download the maps you’ll need to create an account, then click a map title and download it through the Map Warper.
  • Free Papercraft Printables for Kids - This blog post includes 6 amazing sites which offer free paper printables.

Want more inspiration and choices for your journal? Find some wonderful arts and crafts supplies and ideas at the Blick Art Store and Joann Fabrics. Or click on the images below to purchase on Amazon. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you). For more about affiliates, please read our disclosure.

How to Finger Crochet a Rug From Scraps

A finger crochet rug

How to Finger-Crochet a Rug From Scraps

PBS Digital Studio has a series called The Art Assignment, where curator Sarah Urist Green produces shows that "explore art and art history through the lens of things happening today."

One assignment was inspired by the work of artist Fritz Haeg. Fritz invites the program's audience to hand make a rug from scraps. In the video below, we get to see what some of the Art Assignment participants have made.

It's so much fun to see the different rugs that came from the same assignment, and the rug-making in process. It's also helpful to see where some participants went wrong, because that's where some of the best learning takes place. 

Below this compilation video of shared assignment outcomes are several other videos. There's a video giving some background of the project, instructions for making the rug, instructions for creating strips of fabric, and a clearly explained tutorial for finger crocheting a rug.

In the video below, Fritz gives some background about his rugs, which have been shown at various museums.

At around 5:00 in the video below, he explains how to make a rug from strips of scrap cloth and fabric. Starting with a simple slip knot, you can see him using finger crocheting to create looped stitches.

Fritz's rugs have a bumpy texture. You can see how he cuts fabric into strips that create the texture he likes to work with below this video.

And, if you like the art assignment but want to use strips that give a consistent size and texture rather than Fritz's bumpy texture, you can find instructions in our blog posts How to Make a Rag Rug and How to Make an Amish Toothbrush Rag Rug.

The final video shows Chandi from Expression Fiber Arts giving a clear tutorial on finger weaving a rug. This is a great tutorial because you can see what her hands are doing as she uses big merino roving.

For Your Library

Below are some books on rag rug-making. Please note that as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).

Well-known weaver and teacher Tom Knisely shares his knowledge and expertise in this collection of favorite rag rug patterns. This book includes color planning and design advice, step-by-step warping and weaving instructions, and 30+ rag rug products, ranging from simple to advanced.

Learn how to upcycle old and well-loved garments into beautiful rugs, pillows, artworks, bags, and other gifts, using just a few basic tools and some simple techniques. A comprehensive section at the start of the book covers everything you need to know about choosing fabrics and tools, and what the essential techniques are, allowing you to discover how to update this traditional craft with endless possibilities of color and fabric combinations.

This lost folk art comes alive with simple step-by-step directions. These durable, reversible rugs are made in a single step, which automatically forms swirling lines for big visual impact. The author walks the first-time rug maker through the process and shows how to make rugs with two, four, six and even eight strands. Directions for right- and left-handers, plus no-sew options make the directions suitable for all skill levels. With a dozen projects in various shapes, you can create your own heirloom rugs and baskets with fabrics ranging from light cotton to heavy wool.

This book shows how to turn leftover fabric, old clothes, and household textiles into beloved and time-honored rugs. The techniques are easy to learn, the cost is minimal, and very little special equipment is needed. The book includes 15 original designs from a variety of talented rug crafters - for beginner to advanced.

With gorgeous color photographs and clear, straightforward instructions, Suzanne McNeill presents 16 lovely projects to make with strips of fabric. Crafters of all ages and skill levels will enjoy using her simple crochet techniques for making beautiful rugs. Discover how to update this traditional craft with endless possibilities of color and fabric combinations. Whether the pattern is square, rectangular, hexagonal, oval, or heart-shaped, each custom rag rug you make is sure to become an instant heirloom treasure!

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

FREE ART BOOKS ONLINE  Start your own free collection of art books from three major museums.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

DISCOVER SASHIKO STITCHING  Learn how to make traditional Japanese decorative stitches for quilting, mending, and upcycling.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

Linocut Printing by Maarit Hanninen

Maarit Hanninen holding up a linocut print

Linocut Printing by Maarit Hanninen

Linocut by Maarit Hanninen

Photo: Flower linocut by Maarit Hanninen via Instagram

Maarit Hanninen is an artist and printmaker based in Amsterdam.

Her lino prints are based on dense, fine line drawings, which have to be converted from paper sketch to the surface of the linoleum, and then carved out of the linoleum to create the positive and negative areas of the image.


“Although I have always had a soft spot for crafting, it wasn't until my mid-twenties, that I started pursuing visual arts. At first this meant just doodling with a pencil, but in 2012 I participated in a one-year course at Liminka School of Art (Finland), studying painting, sculpting, and print making. For the rest I am self-taught, and I am currently working as a full-time independent artist.

My lino prints are often influenced by Art Nouveau, traditional tattoo style, myths and folk art, among others. The designs are characterized by delicate details, black and white contrasts, themes of nature, feminine beauty, and LOTS of flowers!" Maarit Hanninen


Maarit has created several videos which show her step-by-step processes for lino cutting and printing. 

Her videos, below, show the care it takes to transform a drawing into a fine art printed image. She transfers an image onto a soft, pliable material with sharp tools that can create a variety of cuts – from small, precise incisions to broad scoops.

MAARIT'S PROCESS 

Sometimes Maarit’s process involves adding pencil lead to the back of a drawing and then using that lead to transfer the image by tracing all the lines. 

Alternatively, you could place a piece of carbon paper between the drawing and the linoleum, tape down the drawing, and trace all the lines. Any lines that need to be better defined can then be touched up directly on the linoleum with a pencil or marker.

Maarit takes a step back part way through her carving, and uses a magic marker to draw out where the solid, intact areas remain. That way, she can see large areas that can be removed quickly with wider blades.

Next, she prepares the rag paper, and evenly rolls out some ink. She does a test run on a regular piece of paper, and eye-balls the print to see where she needs to do more carving, to add more definition through white space.

Supplies and books are available through our links below.

Another technique uses a printed image and wood glue, shown by Maarit in her video 'Inkjet Image Transfer': 

Maarit also shows us how to create a multi-colored image, in the video below. She carefully marks up the areas to be carved away, and sets up a jig which assures that the colors will be printed in the proper areas when the paper is laid down more than once.  Here, she uses a round hand tool, or baren, to transfer the ink to the paper.

A couple of things to remember: the image as it appears while you’re carving will be flipped in the final printed piece; and, always protect your hands and fingers by carving away from you. Don't risk cutting your fingers - these linoleum cutter blades are sharp!

TURN YOUR DESIGNS INTO MULTIPLES

Linoleum prints are a wonderful way to make hand crafted multiples of an image. You'll be able to strike prints from your lino block for a long time, especially if you take good care of it. You can create art prints, stationery, posters, invitations, announcements, and more. You can also print an image multiple times on paper (to make repeating patterned wallpaper, for example), or onto fabric (using fabric paint) to be used to make clothes, textile art, home decor items, or quilts. Or, transfer the image directly onto an item, such as a t-shirt.

TAKING CARE OF YOUR LINOLEUM BLOCK

Your linoleum block can have a long lifespan and be used to create hundreds of prints before showing signs of wear. Your carved image will eventually wear down a bit - from being pressed, from abrasion from the papers printed on, from the humidity of the room where it's stored, and from solvent used to clean off ink. The key to keeping your carved image intact for a long time is to make sure you gently clean it properly after each use.

Properly cleaning your block involves removing the excess ink with a cloth lightly dampened with solvent, allowing the block to air dry, and then storing it flat - away from direct sunlight. You'll want to store it away from areas where there are extreme swings in humidity and temperature. You can further protect your block by wrapping it in kraft paper. 

Maarit Hanninen Prints

For more, follow Maarit on Instagram, and visit her shop.

If you're inspired to make a linoleum print or want to explore other forms of relief printing, you might want to add one of the books below to your crafting library, and build up your studio with printmaking supplies. 

A great way to dive in to printmaking is with a kit. If you need extra materials, you can view a wide range of lino blocks, inks, and tools here. Or click on any of the items below. (Please note: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases - at no extra cost to you.)

You might also like our posts Modern Woodblock PrintingHow to Make a Linoleum Block Print, and American Craftspeople.


LINO CUT SUPPLIES AND PRINT DESIGN BOOKS

Block Print: Everything You Need to Know for Printing with Lino Blocks, Rubber Blocks, Foam Sheets, and Stamp Sets by Andrea Lauren

Artist and Designer Andrea Lauren shows you simple techniques for creating your own printing blocks out of art-foam. With no cutting and chiseling, these art-foam blocks can be made into shapes and patterns using only scissors and a pencil. Use these printing blocks, or purchased stamps, to create repeat patterns or bundled groupings to get that classic block print look for wallpaper, book illustrations, framing prints, greeting cards, gift wrap, fabric prints, and more.  


Print, Pattern, Sew: Block-Printing Basics + Simple Sewing Projects for an Inspired Wardrobe by Jen Hewett

Printmaker and textile designer Jen Hewett presents her distinctive process for block-printing yards of fabric with garment sewing in mind. Explore the process of designing and printing fabric through step-by-step instructions on carving blocks and printing repeating patterns. Hewett makes creating custom, hand-printed fabric approachable and doable.


A Field Guide to Fabric Design: Design, Print & Sell Your Own Fabric; Traditional & Digital Techniques; For Quilting, Home Dec & Apparel by Kim Kight

Textile aficionado Kim Kight covers the design and color basics involved with creating repeating patterns - with step-by-step tutorials for both working by hand and on the computer. The book guides you through transferring designs on fabric - whether it's block printing, screen printing, digital printing, or licensing to a fabric company - and how to determine the best method for you.


Making an Impression: Designing & Creating Artful Stamps by Geninne Zlatkis  

Popular illustrator and stamper Geninne Zlatkis has a passion for nature and color that distinguishes her work. These 20 beautiful projects--including cards, an embellished journal and tote, and decorative wall pieces--provide the keys to Geninne's creative process and image-making process. In addition to technique-specific primers with step-by-step photos of the essentials, this book includes 50 motifs showcasing Geninne's signature designs that crafters can copy and use for image transfers, stamp designs, and collages.


Linocut for Artists & Designers by Nick Marley

Linocut is used to stunning effect by artists, illustrators, and designers because of its strong graphic qualities, accessibility, and versatility. Whether you are printing by hand on your kitchen table or on a press in a print studio, this book gets you started and goes on to explore the myriad creative applications of linocut. Nick Morley shares his experience and specialist knowledge to make this practical guide an essential companion for everyone interested in this addictive and absorbing medium.


Block Print Magic: The Essential Guide to Designing, Carving, and Taking Your Artwork Further with Relief Printing by Emily Louise Howard

The easy-to-follow illustrated instructions in this book take you through every step of the linoleum block printing process - choosing and caring for tools, setting up a studio, designing essentials, and carving techniques and printing techniques. The techniques covered include multi-block printing, reduction cuts, puzzle blocks, and rainbow-roll printing, as well as advanced carving techniques for creating textures, crosshatching, and three-dimensional shading. 


Japanese Woodblock Print Workshop by April Vollmer

An increasingly popular yet age-old art form, Japanese woodblock printing (mokuhanga) is embraced for its non-toxic character, use of handmade materials, and easy integration with other printmaking techniques. In this comprehensive guide, artist and printmaker April Vollmer—one of the best known mokuhanga practitioners and instructors in the West—combines her deep knowledge of this historic printmaking practice with expert step-by-step instruction, guidance on materials and studio practices, and a diverse collection of prints by leading contemporary artists. 


Block Printing: Techniques for Linoleum and Wood by Sandy Allison

This book includes detailed, illustrated instructions for block printing: selecting tools, paper, and ink; carving both linoleum and wood; and printing by hand in one color or more to achieve professional results.
The techniques covered in this book can be used for art prints, posters, signs, invitations, greeting cards, gift wrap, and fabric - with a gallery of finished products for reference. Also included are tips for 
registering paper, making editions, tearing down paper, and properly cleaning up.


Speedball Super Value Block Printing Starter Kit  

This Kit is perfect for the beginner printmaker and students. Each kit includes:  1.25oz (37ml) Black Water-Soluble Block Printing Ink, #49 Soft Rubber Pop-In Brayer, Lino Handle, #1, #2, and #5 Lino Cutters and 4 x 6 inch Speedy-Carve block. 


Speedball Block Printing Baren

This Baren is a great tool for hand printing and proofing block prints. It measures 4 inches in diameter and is made of heavy-duty plastic that is padded with foam and polyethylene. Using a printmaking baren is much more efficient than using your hands.   It evenly distributes pressure, creating a better ink image. 


Speedball Water-Soluble Block Printing Ink Starter Set

These printmaking inks are ground and milled to the perfect consistency which create bold prints that dry to a rich, satiny finish.  Included in this set are 1.25 fluid ounce tubes of red, blue, yellow, black, white and gold ink.  This ink is ideal for block and relief printing.  Use it on linoleum, wood, Speedy-Cut Easy, Speedy-Cut, Speedy-Carve and Polyprint.  


Strathmore Heavyweight Printmaking Paper Pad - 20 Sheets 

Strathmore 400 Heavyweight Printmaking Paper Pad measures 8 x 10". This natural white paper features a soft, medium-textured surface that can absorb large amounts of ink and provides durable performance. It is acid free and is made from high alpha cellulose wood fiber for longevity.


Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

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HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

HOW TO MAKE A LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINT  Watch how-to videos for beginners explaining the basic step-by-step process of making a linoleum block print.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

MAGNETIC CLAY CERAMICS Ceramic artists working with magnetic clay can play with the forces of nature to create fantastical structures.

The Sketchbook Project

Sketchbook Project mobile library

The Sketchbook Project

The Sketchbook Project is an ongoing enterprise that promotes creativity. Anyone can contribute a sketchbook that can be viewed online, in a traveling exhibition, or in a Williamsburg, Brooklyn storefront library.

To be a part of this creative movement, you just need to purchase a sketchbook through the Project’s website, register it, fill up the pages, and mail it back. 

What you do to create your sketchbook can run the gamut - from writing text to making drawings, watercolors, collages, etc.


“While The Sketchbook Project at its core is about teaching everyday people to be creative and to share their value, Brooklyn Art Library is about teaching people to interact with art and their community in new and approachable ways.

We travel the country hosting pop-up residencies, drawing events and school visits, all using our core principle of  ‘anyone to participate in creativity.’

Your sketchbook is not just part of a global collection, it will be a part of a physical exhibition that may inspire a group of second graders, while simultaneously bringing together an entire town.”


Since its founding as a non-profit organization in 2006, the Project has grown to include over 50,000 artists’ books, which have been contributed by 30,000+ artists from over 135 countries. Each book is 5" x 7”, with blank pages and a unique six-digit barcode, for cataloging and tracking purposes.

You can send a sketchbook any time of the year to be included in their library. But, if you want to have your sketchbook included in their popups, exhibitions, and installations that take place across North America, make sure to pay attention to their deadlines - in general, you'll need to order your sketchbook by mid-November and return it by the following mid-February to be included in special events.

You can submit a sketchbook after the deadline – it just won’t be included in the traveling exhibitions. It’ll be placed on the shelves of the Brooklyn library, available to be browsed.

The Project suggests themes to consider each year. In 2019-2020, the suggested themes were: Daydream, Scenes From a Story, A Lasting Impression, An Untitled Sketchbook, Straighter Than Narrow, Pencil Me In, Legacy, Time Trapped, Anthem, Forget What Was Said, Expires in an Hour, I Used To, Drip and Drop, Tactile Qualities, Mixed Use, and A Visual Short Story of the Day We Left.

For their Vol. 17 Project, themes to consider are: Sunset Hues, Marks and Markers, Transparencies, Watercolor Whispers, Erasing Everything, Doodle a Daydream, Promises with Pencil, Great Stories in Graphite, Art Accident, Zig Zag, Cityscape Escape, and Mask and Tape.

When you purchase a sketchbook through their website, you can choose to pay more to have it digitized when you send it back, in which case your book will have its own url, and can be viewed online by anyone.

“More than just filling up a book - you are funding and contributing to a massive global movement. This library and project have existed for over a decade and have continued to act as not only a creative space, but a living time capsule for stories.

Yes, it’s a 5x7” sketchbook, but you’re participating in an experience that is being replicated across the world, by thousands of people of various backgrounds, ages, occupations, challenges and accomplishments. You are all coming together as a collective resource, sharing the moments, secrets and stories that are specific to you and only you.

We offer free notifications via text or email, every time your book is viewed - whether it’s through one of our traveling experiences or right at Brooklyn Art Library. Getting a text that someone in the world is looking at your work right now is a million times better than a like.

Our checkout process fuses digital and analog ways of discovering artwork. After searching our catalog, visitors select books to view in an interactive experience. Make sure to add your social media handle or URL to the back of your book so visitors can follow your work.

Your sketchbook will be given a unique six-digit barcode - this allows us to keep track of your book and record who views it at every tour and while it's in our library. You can log into your account and see real time statistics about your book.”

How to Connect

The Art Library is open for visitors Wednesdays through Sundays. You can follow the Project through their website, on Instagram, and on Facebook. See the Project's homeorder, and FAQ pages for more details.


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BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

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35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

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HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

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Beginner Kits for Crafty Kids


CRAFT KITS for KIDS

Some of my favorite crafting projects as a kid started out with spending several days gathering up supplies - beads, buttons, fabric, shells, paper, pencils. I'd get hold of leftovers or scraps that my parents and siblings were willing to part with, and I'd get some donated supplies that I hadn't expected - which would give me new ideas. What I couldn't get in donations, I'd get at the local discount store - embroidery thread, paint, balsa wood. 

But some of my best memories are of getting crafting kits - boxes that I'd open up and all the items I needed were right there, along with instructions.

If you're a crafter and have lots of goodies to equip your child for their projects, both you and they are lucky! Sometimes you can just set up your pre-teen or teen with the basics and watch them take off. Other times it's nice to provide them with a kit that comes with instructions written specifically for a beginner - and learning to follow written directions is a great skill to conquer. Most craft kits have all the supplies that you need, so you can just jump in and start on a project. 

Below are some of my favorite KITS, ARTS and CRAFTS SUPPLIES, CRAFTING TOOLS, and CRAFTING BOOKS and GUIDES geared for kids aged 7 - 16. (Please note: as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases - at no extra cost to you.) 

Crafting is so much fun, and these items will help bring ideas to life. We hope you'll find a kit, supplies, or a book that will spark your daughter or son to create something new on their own, with a friend, or at a get-together!

TECBOSS 3D Pen, Upgraded M1 3D Printing Pen for Kids, 3D Printer Pen

TECBOSS 3D Printer Pen for Kids - Ages 5+ Use this 3D pen to sketch, print, and doodle three-dimensional designs using filament. This pen has a ceramic nozzle for safety, and comes with 2 finger protectors. Price: $40. - $60. *At the time of publishing, the price was $44.

Klutz Stitch and Style Pouches

Klutz Stitch and Style Pouches - Stitch and style seven felt pouches with button or zipper closures. Choose from 20 great designs, keep your earbuds and treasures in them, and attach them to your backpack! Price: $15. - $22.

ALEX Toys Craft Hip to be Square Crochet

ALEX Toys Craft Hip to be Square Crochet Kit - Ages 7+ This beginner kid’s crochet kit has everything you need learn how to crochet colorful squares and turn them into a hat, bag or scarf! Includes 1 finished crochet square, 6 colors of yarn, crochet hook, plastic needle, storage tin, and instructions. Price: Under $13.

ALEX Toys DIY Wear Ultimate Friendship Bracelet Party

ALEX Toys DIY Wear Ultimate Friendship Bracelet Party - Ages 8+ This kit contains everything you need to make 30 friendship and beaded bracelets, using the Friendship Wheel and Loom. Price: $20. - $35. *At the time of publishing, the price was $21.

Klutz Mini Pom-Pom Pets

Klutz Mini Pom-Pom Pets - Make some cute, fuzzy little pom pom pets, and give your mini pets special details when you add eyes, a nose, ears, a tail, and cheeks. Includes a 64-Page Book of Ideas and Instructions. Price: Under $20.

Klutz Circuit Clay Science Kit

Klutz Circuit Clay Science Kit

Combine science and crafting with this Circuit Clay kit. Kit includes 15+ projects (make a robot, flower, shooting star, dragon, and more), special conductive clay, insulating clay, 20 LEDs, battery pack, 50+ paper punch-outs for decorating clay light-up sculptures, and instruction manual. Price: Under $22.

Klutz Make Clay Charms Craft Kit

Klutz Make Clay Charms Craft Kit

Ages 8+ This award-winning kit comes with 9 colors of clay, charm bracelet, clay shaping tool, glaze with brush applicator, jump rings, charm loops, drying and display stand, and instruction book. Make more than 35 charms. Price: $12. - $22.

Loopdedoo Spinning Loom Friendship Bracelet Maker

Loopdedoo Spinning Loom Friendship Bracelet Maker - Ages 8+ Make friendship bracelets, necklaces, anklets, belts, and zipper pulls with this spinning loom. Kit includes loom and 18 skeins of high quality 100% cotton embroidery thread. Price: $20. - $35. *At the time of publishing, the price was $23.

Klutz Finger Knitting Book and Kit

Klutz Finger Knitting Book and Kit - Ages 8+ Create 15 different projects, using fingers to knit – no needles required! Includes instruction book, 4 skeins of yarn, faceted beads, button, lacing tool, and stitch holder. Price: Under $17.

Craftster's Sewing Kits Little Monsters

Craftster's Sewing Kits Little Monsters 

Make up to 5 monster projects. Kit includes: pre-cut monster felt shapes with pre-punched holes, 6 colors of embroidery floss, poly-stuffing, 5 metal needles, 2 needle threaders, scissors, 40 pins, pin cushion, non-toxic glue and easy-to-follow instructions. Price: Under $25.

Craftster's Woodland Animals Craft Sewing Kit

Craftster's Woodland Animals Craft Sewing Kit - Ages 7+ Kit includes: 5 pre-cut animal sewing projects, 6 colors of embroidery thread, 5 sewing needles, 40 straight pins, pin cushion, scissors, non-toxic fabric glue, stuffing, easy-to-follow instructions, and a cute portable carry case. Price: Under $25.

ALEX Toys Craft My First Sewing Kit

ALEX Toys Craft My First Sewing Kit

Ages 7+ This award-winning beginner’s sewing kit includes 28 felt shapes, embroidery floss, stuffing, fabric, ric rac, scissors, measuring tape, pins, needles, thimble, pin cushion, 6 buttons, pom pom strip. Price: $12. - $35. *At the time of publishing, the price was $15.

Melissa & Doug Created by Me! Flower Fleece Quilt No-Sew Craft Kit

Melissa & Doug Created by Me! Flower Fleece Quilt No-Sew Craft Kit - Ages 6+ Make a quilt without any stitching! Make a knotted quilt by tying together 48 - 12 x 12” fleece squares, with slotted fringe for easy tying. Have fun making this comfy fringed blanket! Price: Under $30.

Melissa and Doug Sweet Hearts Wooden Bead Set

Melissa & Doug Sweet Hearts Wooden Bead Set - Design your own jewelry with 150 pretty wooden beads that are heart-shaped and heart-themed. Also included are 5 color-coordinated cords and a wooden storage box. Price: Under $10.

ALEX Toys DIY Wear I Heart Charm Bracelets

ALEX Toys DIY Wear I Heart Charm Bracelets - Ages 8+ This kit comes with enough supplies to create 24 custom beads. Make 2 bracelets loaded with colorful beads and charms - a horse, key, star, guitar, horseshoe, lock, flower, and heart. Price: $10. - $25.

Kid Made Modern Arts and Crafts Library Set

Kid Made Modern Arts and Crafts Library Set - Set of 1250+ arts and crafts supplies: 510 beads and sequins, 348 fuzzy sticks, 105 pom poms, 60 felt pieces, 30 wooden dowels, floss, 102 googly eyes, 40 sticker back jewels, 9 wooden discs, 40 craft sticks, scissors, 2 needles, glue tube. Price: Under $60.

Klutz Sew Mini Animals Toy

Klutz Sew Mini Animals Toy - Ages 8+ Stitch and stuff an assortment of 14 fuzzy animal plushies from felt. No prior sewing experience needed for this award-winning craft. Includes a 48 page instruction book. Price: Under $22.

Harrisville Designs Lap Loom

Harrisville Designs Lap Loom - Ages 7+ Make handmade woven textiles on this 12 x 16 inch lap loom. Includes a tapestry needle, 2 wooden shed sticks, 2 wooden stick shuttles, and illustrated instructions. Price: $30. - $45. For yarn, consider Pack of Lion Brand Yarn in 8 different colors. Price: Under $10.

Kid Made Modern Jewelry Jam Craft Kit

Kid Made Modern Jewelry Jam Craft Kit - Ages 6+ This kit is chock full of beads and art supplies – enough to make many necklaces and bracelets. Includes 8 thread skeins, 40 felt strips, 692 assortments of beads, 120 jump rings, 2 needles, carrying case with handle, and an instruction guide. Price: Under $25.

Creativity for Kids Quick Knit Loom

Creativity for Kids Quick Knit Loom - Ages 7+ This complete knitting loom sets come with everything you need to create a variety of wearable crafts – a hat, purse, bracelet. Includes 3 skeins of colorful yarn, large round knitting loom (7.25"), small double-sided loom (4.75" x 2.5"), 3 needles, buttons, and beads. Price: Under $20.

Melissa and Doug Friendship Bracelet

Melissa and Doug Friendship Bracelet Craft Set - From simple knots to tricky patterns, this activity set guides kids through 10+ cool friendship bracelets. Each style is covered by step-by-step, full-color illustrated instructions. Price: Under $7.

Choose Friendship My Friendship Bracelet Maker Kit

Choose Friendship My Friendship Bracelet Maker Kit - Weave bracelets with this handy thread-weaving tool/thread organizer, and 20 pre-cut Prism threads in 10 great colors. Price: 

Under $20.

KLUTZ Make Your Own Mini Erasers Toy

KLUTZ Make Your Own Mini Erasers Toy - Sculpt creations with eraser clay, then bake them in the oven to make slightly squishy erasers that really work. Comes with 8 bright colors of clay and 35 eraser designs to choose from. Price: Under $25.00

Kid Made Modern Comic Book Kit

Kid Made Modern Comic Book Kit

Ages 6+ This kit includes everything you need to create your own epic superhero stories in comic book form. . Includes a blank comic book, markers, stencil templates, rubber stamps, ink pads, bottles of ink, and a storage box. Price: Under $20.

Klutz Sew Mini Treats

Klutz Sew Mini Treats - This award-winning kit includes everything you need to make 18 food plushies, including an instructional book, felt, floss, needles, filling, patterns, and pre-cut eyes and cheeks. Price: $15. - $25.

L.O.L. Surprise Secret Message Jewelry by Horizon Group USA

L.O.L. Surprise Secret Message Jewelry

Share secret messages with 295 beads, 42 alphabet charms, 2 rotating charms, 30 slider charms, 3 skeins elastic cord, 3 skeins satin cord, 3 bands, sticker sheet, 2 epoxy sticker sheets, 1 decoder, and instructions. Price: $12. - $18.

Melissa and Doug Deluxe Wooden Stringing Beads 200+

Melissa & Doug Deluxe Wooden Stringing Beads - Make gorgeous jewelry with 200+ beads and 8 brightly colored laces and clasps:bracelets, necklaces, backpack tags, bookmarks, and more. Price: $10. - $18.

Harrisville Designs Traditional 7 inch Potholder Loom Kit

Harrisville Designs Traditional 7" Potholder Loom Kit - Clear instructions, a sturdy loom, and a generous supply of custom-made, stretchy loops result in goof-proof potholder perfection. Make a picture frame, a purse, a cute chicken, and more. Price: Under $20.

Sew First Beginner Sewing Kit

Sew First Beginner Sewing Kit - This beginner sewing kit comes in a craft case and includes 4 felt stuffed animal projects, a large-eyed needle, a tape measure, pins, sharp scissors, and an instruction manual for the basics of sewing. Price: Under $30.

Kid Made Modern Journal Craft Kit

Kid Made Modern Journal Craft Kit - Ages 6+ Every creative person needs to make a habit of writing down ideas. Creative ideas can pop into your head at any time – it’s important to write them down and make drawings of them so you can go back to them at a later time! Get started with the habit of journaling with this kit. Price: Under $20.

ART & CRAFT SUPPLIES

3Doodler Start Essentials 3D Pen Set

3Doodler Start Essentials 3D Pen Set - Ages 8+ A child-safe 3D pen – no hot parts. Draw with plastic! The plastic hardens quickly, so kids can draw using one speed and one temperature. Includes 3Doodler Start 3D Pen, 2 Mixed-color Packs of Eco-Plastic (48 Strands), Micro-USB Charger, and an Activity Guide. Price: Under $50.

Schacht 15 inch Cricket Loom

Schacht 15 inch Cricket Loom - For the advanced weaver, this sturdy 15" Cricket is still compact enough to take with you easily. Made of high quality maple, the 15" weaving width offers more flexibility in your choice of weaving projects. Uses the same reeds as the 15" Flip folding rigid heddle loom. Includes 8-dent reed, threading hook, warping peg, table clamps, 2 shuttles, and 2 balls of yarn. Price: $175. - $185.

Speedball 004157 Introductory Screen Printing Kit

Speedball Introductory Screen Printing Kit - This kit includes everything you need for two screen printing methods: paper stencil and drawing fluid/screen filler. Make t-shirts, curtains, pillowcases, stationary, and much more with these high quality products and easy-to-follow instructions. Price: Under $60.

Fujifilm Instax Mini 9 Ice Blue Instant Camera

Fujifilm Instax Mini 9 Ice Blue Instant Camera - Instant photos! This is a great, fun camera that can take either color or black and white filmpacks (sold separately). Camera signals the recommended aperture setting with a flashing LED. Watch the film develop in minutes. Great for parties and special occasions. Price: $55. - $70.

Brother Sewing Machine XM2701

Brother Sewing Machine XM2701 - This machine is perfect for a wide range of everyday sewing projects, for beginners to advanced sewers. It includes decorative, blind hem, zigzag, stretch stitches, and more, and features a jam-resistant drop-in top bobbin, a brightly lit LED work area, 27 stitches, and 63 stitch functions. Price: $90. - $100.

Winsor & Newton Cotman Water Colour Paint Sketchers' Pocket Box Half Pans

Winsor & Newton Cotman Water Colour Paint Sketchers' Pocket Box Half Pans - This cute pocket-sized box from a great art supply manufacturer has a mixing palette in the lid and contains: 1 Pocket brush & 12 Cotman Water Colour half pans. This is a convenient box for beginners and for painting on-the-go. Price: $15. - $25. *At the time of publishing, the price was $17.

Caran d'Ache Fancolor Color Pencils 40 Colors

Caran d'Ache Fancolor Color Pencils 40 Colors - This great set of 40 colored pencils from a top manufacturer gives you a wide range of choices for drawing, cross-hatching, and watercolor effects - they respond like watercolor when wet. A wonderful set for budding artists. Price: $30. - $40. *At the time of publishing, the price was $32.

3Doodler Create+ 3D Pen Set with 75 Filaments

3Doodler Create+ 3D Pen Set with 75 Filaments - Age 14+ Draw and sculpt with plastic! Click to extrude heated plastic which hardens rapidly, allowing you to draw in 3D, freehand, or over stencils. Make art, design wearables, build models, decorate your space, fix things, or just play. Price: Under $80.

Water Coloring Brush Pens Ohuhu Set of 6 Watercolor Painting Brushes

Watercolor Painting Brush Pens Ohuhu Set of 6 - Blend with water or add ink to barrel and enjoy! Great for solid colors or powdered pigment - use with watercolor crayons, markers, and pencils to spread and smooth colors. Made with high quality nylon hair brush tips that holds its shape and does not spray, spread or smear. Price: Under $10.

Holbein Artists' Watercolor 12 Color Set

Holbein Artists' Watercolor 12 Color Set

Holbein makes great watercolors that are highly pigmented. This is an excellent set for a beginner watercolor artist, with colors that retain their brilliance, and are easy to handle and control with brushes. Set includes 12 tubes of 5 ml each. Price: Under $25.

Fujifilm Instax Mini 9 Instant Camera and Accessories Kit

Fujifilm Instax Mini 9 Instant Camera and Accessories Kit - This camera and kit includes an Instax Mini 9 Instant Camera, film twin pack, camera case and strap, 60 Assorted Colorful Mini Film Stickers, 5 Colorful Frames, 4 Colorful filters (Blue, Green, Red and Orange), and an attachment selfie mirror designed for capturing Selfie photos. Price: Under $120.

Singer Start 1304 6 Built-in Stitches Machine

Singer Start 1304 6 Built-in Stitches Machine - This is a great machine for beginners because it has just a few built-in stitches, with pre-set stitch width and length. It’s lightweight and portable. Includes All-Purpose Foot, Zipper Foot, Buttonhole Foot, Darning Plate, Pack of Needles, Bobbins, Needle Plate, Quick Start Guide, an Instruction Manual, and more. Price: $70. - $160. *At the time of publishing, the price was $74.

Winsor & Newton Winton Oil Colour Paint Basic Set

Winsor & Newton Winton Oil Colour Paint Basic Set - 10 Colors - This is a great starter set for painting with oils – Winsor & Newton has developed this line of paints for students and amateur artists – high quality paints with dense pigmentation, at an affordable price. Price: $20. - $40. *At the time of publication, the price was $24.

Kid Made Modern Washable Paint Set Acrylic

Kid Made Modern Washable Paint Set Acrylic - A convenient starter set of acrylic paints that includes 12 washable paints, 2 medium round brushes, a palette, a pad of 10 sheets of sturdy paper, and a storage container. Price: Under $20.

AIO Robotics Full-Metal Premium 3D Printing Pen for 3D Modeling, Education, PLA Filament Support, Bright OLED-Display

AIO Robotics Full-Metal Premium 3D Printing Pen - For the advanced 3D pen user who wants precision, adjustable material flow, and temperature control in 1 degree increments.  Extra-bright OLED display allows you to monitor flow speed and temperature of material. Includes slim, ergonomic touch pen, 2 colors of PLA plastic filament, manual, cable, and A/C adapter. Price: Under $60.

Kid Made Modern Studio in a Box Set

Kid Made Modern Studio in a Box Set - Includes 60+ items to get you started creating paintings and watercolors: washable markers, acrylic paints, watercolor paints, crayon discs, paint brushes, canvas boards, paper pads, and carrying case. Price: Under $40.

XP-PEN Artist15.6 15.6 Inch IPS Drawing Monitor Pen Display Graphics Digital Monitor with Battery-Free Passive Stylus (8192 Levels Pressure)

XP-PEN Digital Monitor with Battery-Free Passive Stylus - If you want to draw on a tablet, this might be the one for you. Functions allow users to sketch, paint, design and edit directly from the tablet screen, with 8192 levels of pressure sensitivity. It’s compatible with Photoshop, Painter, Illustrator, Clip Studio, Krita, Gimp, SAI and more. Price: Under $360.

Faber-Castell Albrecht Durer Watercolor Pencil Wood Case, Set of 120 Colors (FC117513)

Faber-Castell Albrecht Durer Watercolor Pencil Wood Case, Set of 120 Colors - These 24 watercolor pencils can be completely dissolved, and will then behave in the same way as classic watercolor paints. They are the same color whether wet or dry, become permanent when dry, and are fade-resistant. Price: Under $42.

Crayola Light-Up Tracing Pad Blue

Crayola Light Up Tracing Pad - Ages 6+ 

This tracing pad locks paper into a frame so you can easily trace drawings. An LED illuminates the tracing sheets so you can easily see what you’re tracing. Includes Coloring Board, Graphite Pencil, 12 Short Colored Pencils, 10 Tracing Sheets, and 10 Blank Sheets. Price: Under $25.

Winsor & Newton Watercolor Markers Set of 13

Winsor & Newton Watercolor Markers - Set of 12 highly pigmented lightfast markers in a lightweight metal case. Twin-Tipped with a fine point and flexible brush nib, perfect for multiple line thickness and superior detailing. Create art with the water color markers dry, wet, or blended with a brush. Price: $25. - $40. *At the time of publishing, the price was $29.

US Art Supply 20 Piece Artist Pack

US Art Supply 20 Piece Artist Pack

A great starter set that includes 9" x 12" Premium Extra Heavy-Weight Watercolor Painting Paper Pad, 8.5" x 11" Premium Hardbound Sketch Book, 5.5" x 8.5" Premium Heavy-Weight Paper Spiral Bound Sketch Pad, 15 Piece Multi-Purpose Brush Set, painting palette, and a color mixing wheel. Price: Under $20.

CRAFTING BOOKS

For more curated books and crafting supply suggestions, explore our Crafting Resources, The Brooklyn Refinery Shop, and our Materials Source List. The Brooklyn Refinery is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Thank you!

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

FREE ART BOOKS ONLINE  Start your own free collection of art books from three major museums.

DISCOVER SASHIKO STITCHING  Learn how to make traditional Japanese decorative stitches for quilting, mending, and upcycling.

BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

HOW TO MAKE A LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINT  Watch how-to videos for beginners explaining the basic step-by-step process of making a linoleum block print.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

MAGNETIC CLAY CERAMICS Ceramic artists working with magnetic clay can play with the forces of nature to create fantastical structures.

Japanese Takumi Documentary

Japanese Takumi Paper Craft artist working in her studio

Japanese Takumi Documentary

A real-time documentary about craft meant to be sped up by the viewer.

“Artificial intelligence can learn in an instant what a human learns over a lifetime. It is developing so rapidly that by 2050 machines will outperform humans in virtually every field. Will human craft disappear, as artificial intelligence reaches beyond our limits, or will this cornerstone of our culture survive and become more valuable than ever?”

A newly released and freely available documentary explores the importance of craftsmanship in a computer-driven world.

The Lexus team behind the documentary Takumi: A 60,000 Hour Story on the Survival of Human Craft has created a newly formatted way of watching a movie online, which they hope gives a sense of the human work needed to become proficient in a craft.

The premise behind the movie is to match the length of the film to the time it takes to become a Master Craftsperson, or Takumi. That time is estimated to be 60,000 hours. The documentary features four craftspeople: a carpenter, a foraging chef, a paper-cutting artist, and an engineer (who works for Lexus).  

We get to see the skill that goes into learning a craft, and we’re offered some wonderful insight into the importance of craft-making from a curator, a journalist/programmer, and a futurist.


“The origins of craft are really the origins of human civilization. Craft has really always existed. Since humankind has existed we’ve been creating things, mostly objects of utility. Up until the Industrial Revolution all things were created by hand. All things were probably considered craft. So, from that point forward, towards the late 19th century on to today, it’s really been a different world.”

Nora Atkinson, Smithsonian Curator of Craft


The documentary is formatted into four sections. It’s important to pay attention to the timeline at the bottom of the screen for an optimal viewing experience, because there are three parts in the first three sections which are not meant to be watched from beginning to end in real time.

In each of the first three sections, we see a biographical overview of a craftsperson, followed by footage of them working at their craft. 

Lexus has created a version of the documentary which uses repeated footage to fill out the 60,000 hours (20,000 hours' worth in each of the first three sections), which is a more conceptual rather than practical documentary experience.

There are three ways to explore the documentary film and footage – which ultimately drives home the idea that handmade items are special, and craftspeople with hours’ worth of expertise are essentially not replaceable by machines and artificial intelligence.

The first way to tackle this project is to watch the trailer, below.

The second way is to watch the movie (link below), and use the space bar to fast-forward through the footage of the Takumi practicing their craft.

When you get to the documentary website, you’ll need to press the space bar to begin the movie. Then, when you see a series of vertical lines on the timeline at the bottom of the screen area, you have the option of speeding through this footage. (See screenshot below.) If you press the space bar at these vertical sections, the timeline will expand horizontally and the footage will be sped up. This sped-up footage represents 20,000 hours’ worth of craft-making. When you see a portrait icon, let go of the space bar to watch the biographical section about the next Takumi featured.

Finally, stills and summary texts can be accessed through the "Meet the Takumi" link at the top of the screen.

Here's a link to the documentary: Takumi: A 60,000 Hour Story on the Survival of Human Craft

You might also like to explore our posts about American Craftspeople and American basket-makers.

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

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Free to Use Images

Free Image from the Library of Congress

Free-to-Use Images

When you’re thinking about resources for your arts and crafts projects, the Library of Congress (LOC) might not be at the top of your list for where to go to find images.

But it should be.

You should have a look around the LOC’s online collections for inspiration, and for free-to-use downloadable images that can decorate your home, be incorporated into collages, journals and scrapbooks, or be used to create custom printed fabric and paper items. 

If you have a commercial website or a personal blog,  and use images in the public domain, you know it's sometimes time-consuming and difficult to find image banks which offer a broad range of styles. It's often difficult to find good images which haven't been over-utilized. 

The Library of Congress is a monumental depository of information, and has thousands of images available for re-use. It’s a national treasure that's available to the public, and it's getting larger and more expansive every year - adding approximately 12.000 items to the Collections daily.

“The collection of more than 168 million items includes more than 39 million cataloged books and other print materials in 470 languages; more than 72 million manuscripts; the largest rare book collection in North America; and the world's largest collection of legal materials, films, maps, sheet music and sound recordings.”

 The expansiveness of the Collection is in part due to a special acquisitions program which extends beyond materials sourced and archived in the United States:

"Since 1962, the Library of Congress has maintained offices abroad to acquire, catalog and preserve library and research materials from countries where such materials are essentially unavailable through conventional acquisitions methods. Overseas offices in New Delhi (India), Cairo (Egypt), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Jakarta (Indonesia), Nairobi (Kenya) and Islamabad (Pakistan) collectively acquire materials from more than 60 countries and acquire materials on behalf of United States libraries participating in the Cooperative Acquisitions Program. The Library is also collaborating with institutions around the globe to provide content on the World Digital Library.”

The Prints and Photographs Division alone contains "more than 15 million visual images, including the most comprehensive international collection of posters in the world, the most comprehensive visual record of the Civil War, and pioneering documentation of America's historic architecture. More than 1.2 million images are accessible on the Prints and Photographs online catalog..."

You can search through 9,491 Prints and Photographs, with a variety that includes photos of President Abraham Lincoln at Antietam, Japanese Ukiyo-e woodblock prints, a photo of Jackie Robinson, and souvenir illustrated cards from the Russian Empire as it existed in 1856.

In their World Digital Library, items are sorted by: Books, Journals, Manuscripts, Maps, Motion Pictures, Newspapers, Prints and Photographs, and Sound Recordings.

To help you navigate the massive amount of information, visit the two Subjects in Digital Collections pages, where items in the Collection are indexed into 132 categories.

To give you some perspective, here's a breakdown of the numbers of items in certain categories:

  • 4,019,643 audio materials (discs, tapes, talking books, and other recorded formats)
  • 72,512,459 manuscripts
  • 5,608,003 maps
  • 17,250,956 microforms
  • 1,834,690 moving images
  • 8,248,463 items of sheet music
  • 15,733,020 visual materials, including:
    • 14,942,941 photographs
    • 109,307 posters
    • 680,772 prints and drawings
  • 3,449,194 other items (including machine-readable items)

Free-to-use images are sorted into sets on the Free to Use and Reuse Sets pageYou can search through sets of WPA posters, World War 1 posters, Japanese Fine Prints, Baseball cards, and more. 

A collection of free-to-use posters from 1890s – 1960s features different illustration styles for promoting health, travel, products, liberty bonds, insurance, government programs, and entertainment. The poster collection is a collaboration with Poster House, a new museum "dedicated to presenting the impact, culture, and design of posters, both as historical documents and methods of contemporary visual communication.."

Among the books in the Classic Childrens’ Books page are: In the Court of King Arthur (illustrated by Neil O’Keeffe), Ballad of the Lost Hare by Margaret Sidney, Jack and the Beanstalk, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (illustrations by John Tenniel), Peter Rabbit (illustrated by Harrison Cady), and The Wonderful Wizard of OZ (illustrated by W.W. Denslow).

Copyright and Use

You always need to be mindful of and careful about verifying free-to-use and public domain items you come across. On the LOC's website, pages with free-to-use items feature content that is "either in the public domain, has no known copyright, or has been cleared by the copyright owner for public use."

The Library of Congress outlines the use of its content as follows:

About Copyright and the Collections

Whenever possible, we provide information that we have about copyright owners and related matters in the catalog records, finding aids and other texts that accompany collections. However, the information we have may not be accurate or complete. As a publicly supported institution, we generally do not own the rights to materials in our collections. You should determine for yourself whether or not an item is protected by copyright or in the public domain, and then satisfy any copyright or use restrictions when publishing or distributing materials from our collections. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond what is allowed by fair use or other exemptions requires written permission from the copyright holder.

We do not charge permission fees for using any materials, and generally do not grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute them. We do request that anyone linking to our websites present the link in a manner that does not imply that we are making an express or implied endorsement of any good or service provided, and that the link clearly indicates that the user is leaving one site and going to another.

We've written about other sources for free-to-use and public domain images and items. You might want to read about:

600+ Free Art Books Online

Museum Collection Images

Vintage Graphics

Make a Boro Bag

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How to Care for Quilts

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How to Darn a Hole in Sweaters and Socks

mending a sock with yarn

How to Darn Holes in Sweaters and Socks

When my younger son asked me to repair his favorite sweaters recently, I had two reactions. I was really proud of him that his mindset was to repair rather than replace (and yes, it would be great if he learned to darn and make his own repairs). And, I realized it had been a while since I’d done any darning repair work. So, I did some research to refresh my memory.

I learned to darn from my thrifty grandmother, who was a deft hand at mending wool sweaters, jackets, and the ribbed knitting on collars, cuffs, and hems.

She would carefully make a blanket stitch around the inner circle of the hole being repaired, and then create a woven patch to fill in the hole. She used a darning egg, darning needle, and an embroidery thread that closely matched the item’s color. Sometimes, she was able to retrieve a piece of wool from her stash and use the leftover yarn from a sweater she’d knitted. (This post contains affiliate links. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases - at no extra cost to you.)

A good tip: If you knit items as gifts, consider including some of the yarn with the gifted item for possible future use in mending, so the color, thickness, and washing instructions will match exactly.

In darning, it’s important to stabilize the unraveling, damaged area first. Then, you can take the time to shrink the hole and add stitches, or create a woven patch.

You can use a color that’s a perfect match, as close a match as possible, or not a match at all. You can try and make your repair as invisible as possible, or go in the opposite direction and create a patchworked look using contrasting colors. The style is yours to choose! Hide your stitching or showcase it - whichever 'look' makes you happy.

If you don't have knitting yarn, you can use embroidery/needlepoint thread. You’ll want to get a close and workable thickness of the yarn you’re replacing, so you’ll need to determine how many threads is equivalent to the diameter of the yarn.

Knitty has clear photos of mending projects in different stages. They also outline good tips and tricks for dealing with holes in knitted garments. 

   · Don't miss: How to Knit for the basics, and Knitting Videos for beginner to advanced knitting videos.

Below are 4 great instructional videos about mending knitted items from VeryPink Knits, River City Yarns, KNITFreedom, and Professor Pincushion.

Blog post screen grab via River City Yarns video.


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Making a Basket from Scratch

John Plant basket-making

Extreme DIY Basket-Making

Plant material basket

John Plant makes baskets using only what he finds in the woods, without the distractions and tools of the modern world. That makes his videos interesting from a crafter's point of view.

John is a historical re-enactor and primitive technology enthusiast who films and edits projects making practical objects from what’s available to him in the woods of northern Australia. His YouTube channel Primitive Technology features videos of handmade projects based on his online research about early tools and techniques. 

He’s made a hut with a tiled roof, pottery, a draft furnace, woven sandals, a woven mat, a bow and arrow, a forge blower, and more.

John’s videos are fascinating. We can watch him traipse through the woods looking for materials to use, and wonder about the animal noises we hear in the background. When it rains and we can see the soil turning into mud, it's a relief to see him be able to duck into the hut he built, and imagine that he'll want to work on making floor mats next.

In Primitive Technology: Baskets and stone hatchet (below), John makes two types of baskets, and a celt hatchet.

 · Editor's note: Fans can support John directly by donating to his Patreon page.


You might like our blog posts: American Baskets, American Crafts, and Making Simple Shoes From Scratch.

Don't miss: Our Resources Page.

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American Crafts

American Crafts Blacksmith

Portraits of American Craftspeople

American Crafts Blacksmith

A Craftsman’s Legacy (PBS) celebrates the lives and skills of American craftspeople.  

Eric Gorges is the creator and host of the TV show A Craftsman’s Legacy, where each week he gives his audience insight into a different American craftsperson and their work.

Eric started out working in IT, but after he experienced panic attacks he refocused his life, left a corporate career, and transitioned to something he truly wanted to do – hands-on work with cars and motorcycles.

He became an apprentice metal shaper with Ron Fournier at Fournier Enterprises. That apprenticeship led him to making one-of-a-kind hot rods, and then starting his handcrafted motorcycle-building business, Voodoo Choppers. 

Eric's TV show gives us a fresh look at the celebration and ongoing survival of traditional American crafts and craft-making. The half-hour shows are as much a series of insightful portraits of American craftspeople as they are about the processes that these crafters are involved in. The portraits show the persistence and drive to make things that artists and crafters share.

American Crafts Guitar Maker

“For centuries, women and men have created things others needed or wanted and they became specialists in that creation, usually after a long period of apprenticing under another Craftsman. The cobbler making shoes, the blacksmith making cooking utensils, the glassblower making a vase. No matter what it was, it was made by someone who used their inner talents, combined with their education and experience to make something that would last. Its quality was the Craftsman’s very reputation.

Maybe we don’t need a hand carved set of salad bowls on our dinner table, but it doesn’t mean they don’t still represent something important. It only means we’ve lost our ability to appreciate the quality and the fact that someone put part of themselves into that creation. But if you’ve ever paid attention to the 25 year-old carpenter who’s finishing your cabinets, or watched a 90 year-old Cuban woman roll a cigar with her aging hands, there’s no question it’s important to them.” 

Eric Georges

American Crafts Woodworker

To watch the episodes, you'll need to sign up for a free Legacy Society account, and then you'll have access to Seasons 1, 2, and 3 online for free. Each season showcases 13 different craftspeople.

You can also read some blog posts by Jennifer Bower about aspects of featured crafters not covered in the videos.  

 ·Don't miss: our other blog posts Crafting ResourcesAmerican Basket Makersand Tapestry Weaving.

Sourcing Books that Celebrate Traditional American Crafts

Below are some best-selling books focused on traditional crafts. Click on a book cover for more information and to purchase. The Brooklyn Refinery is reader-supported, and we are an affiliate for Amazon. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission - at no extra cost to you. Learn more

The Complete Manual of Woodworking: A Detailed Guide to Design, Techniques, and Tools for the Beginner and Expert
Good Clean Fun by Nick Offerman
The Joint Book
The Complete Book of Woodworking: Step-by-Step Guide to Essential Woodworking Skills, Techniques and Tips (Landauer) More Than 40 Projects with Detailed, Easy-to-Follow Plans and Over 200 Photos
Understanding Wood Finishing
Rooted, Revived, Reinvented: Basketry in America
Appalachian White Oak Basketmaking: Handing Down Basket
Working Wood 1 & 2: the Artisan Course with Paul Sellers
The Ultimate Basket Book: A Cornucopia of Popular Designs to Make
The Basket Book: Over 30 Magnificent Baskets to Make and Enjoy
The Backyard Blacksmith
American Quilts & Coverlets in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
A Basketmaker's Odyssey: Over, Under, Around & Through: 24 Great Basket Patterns from Easy Beginner to More Challenging Advanced
Book of Embroidery
Beginning Glassblowing
Pine Needle Basketry: From Forest Floor to Finished Project
Build Your Own Metal Working Shop From Scrap (Complete 7 Book Series)
The Complete Metalsmith: An Illustrated Handbook
Metal Working: Real World Know-How You Wish You Learned in High School (Back to Shop Class)
The Jeweler's Studio Handbook

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How to Make a Linoleum Block Print

linoleum print

Getting Started With Linoleum Printing

Hand print designs for art prints, posters, cards, announcements, and more.

Below are five videos which we've curated to help you get started in linoleum block printing. The first three videos, hosted by Kati Henning for Blick Art Materials, clearly explain the step-by-step process of making a linoleum block print. The fourth video, by The Virtual Instructor, explains how to transfer a drawing to a linoleum block using carbon paper. And the fifth video, by Maarit Hänninen, shows how to transfer a drawing via an inkjet printer.

The first video below, Getting Started, covers the materials you’ll need to make a lino print, including hard and soft linoleum (mounted and unmounted), cutting tools, paper, brayer rollers, a bench plate, and ink (oil- or water- based).

The Virtual Instructor shows how to transfer a drawing onto linoleum using pencil rubbings. 

You could also simply use carbon paper: put a piece of carbon paper between the drawing and the linoleum block. Trace all of the lines of your drawing, then lift off your drawing and the carbon paper to check to make sure all the lines have been transferred to the lino. If any of the lines need to be darkened, simply trace again directly on the linoleum.

Watch the video below from Finnish printmaker Maarit Hänninen to see how to transfer an image to a linoleum block via an ink jet printer and either carpenter's wood glue or Mod Podge:


Block printing is a great way to produce a series of the same image. In the video below, Kati shows how you can also create multiples of the same image but with variations in color and background choices. She also provides lots of tips for a successful print. 

Finally, the video below shows how to produce a series of multilayered linoleum prints. If you’re making a lino print with many layers using multiple lino blocks, you’ll have to create a system for lining up your paper for each printing layer, so the different layers align properly for each print "pulled."

It’s easy to lose track of negative and positive sections when you’re busy cutting. Cutting away can’t be undone. So it’s a good trick to mark the areas that you’ll be cutting away as a good visual guide of positive and negative spaces. You can simply take a pencil and use the side of the point to fill in the areas that you’re going to be cutting away.

Remember - whatever your design looks like on the linoleum, it will come out as a flipped image on the printed sheet of paper. So, if you’re going to include letters, numbers, or words, you’ll need to make sure they appear to be backwards on your lino cut so they’ll be the right direction on your print. And don’t forget – never let your fingers get in the way of the blade!

Don't miss: Altered Book Sculptures, Museum Collection Images, and Vintage Graphics for resources and inspiration.

· All the products in this video and many others are available at Blick Art Materials and Amazon. Or, click on the items below to get started with supplies. The Brooklyn Refinery is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission - at no cost to you. (Learn more.)

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Behind the Scenes Animation

Animation Stop Motion Puppet

Learn How to Make a Stop Motion Animation 


Wallace and Gromit

Wallace and Gromit Aardman Studios

Some of my favorite movies are stop motion animations. The people behind these movies can manipulate the facial and body expressions of their characters so well that we get pulled into the story line and nearly forget we're watching bits of clay.

Of course, there's a lot that goes into making the movie work so that the audience gets lost in the hero's journey* - the characters, sets, editing, music, sound effects, costumes, camera angles, and lighting. Figuring out how to assemble all the pieces you need - and where to start - can be daunting. But, there's a pretty simple way to figure out what you need to know so you can start animating like a pro.

HERE'S A PLAN FOR YOU

A good place to start is by paying close attention to how some of your favorite animated movies have been put together by breaking down what's happening on the screen during a scene. Set yourself up so you can watch the scene several times, and take notes as you're learning what makes the scene work. You're going to pay attention to your reactions to what's going on in the scene, and then figure out what happened in the scene to make you react.

Picking apart scenes is a really good starting point in your own movie-making apprenticeship. It's something you can do with family and friends. Your goal is to deconstruct a scene, name the elements that make up the scene, and figure out what they make you think about and how they make you feel.

Once you've figured this out, you'll understand how to build your own scene, and how to get your audience to think and feel a certain way about your story. And remember, once you understand all the elements and layers that make up an animation, you'll be able to add your own layers, which will make your movie more engaging.

The movie makers have spent months - and sometimes years - to formulate a combination of dialog and action to make you feel a certain way. Are you feeling happy, sad, scared? Can you pinpoint the moment you started to react? Great! Go back to the beginning of the scene and take notes of everything that you notice going on.

SOUND IS PROBABLY MORE IMPORTANT THAN YOU REALIZE

Is there a sound in the background that makes you know that something is about to happen? Did you hear a door open, and you're waiting to see who entered? Does the music sound happy, or start out low and get louder, and creepier, and make you scared? Does the lighting tell you anything - like where you should focus your attention?

Watch the scene at least one time through with your eyes closed, and pay close attention to all the sounds that make up the scene - dialog, sound effects, and music. You'll be surprised how much information is conveyed just through the sound tracks. 

FILMING THE RIGHT WAY FOR EDITING

You need to understand a special rule about camera placement:

If you want to film individual characters in a 2-person conversation that you'll cut together later, you'll need to pay attention to where you place the camera so that it will properly edit together. Read up and understand what "crossing the line" means in the 180 Degree Rule. If you don't follow these rules, it'll look like the point of view is jumping all over the room, not making sense, and you'll confuse your audience.

180 degree rule diagram

LEARN BY DECONSTRUCTING ALL THE ELEMENTS

Watch a scene over and over until you can name everything going on, including where the focus of the action is as the conversation is going on. If there are two characters, does the first shot in the scene include both characters, and then focus on only one character at a time as the scene progresses? Does the camera get closer to the characters as the dialog becomes more focused and intense? (And, can you see where the camera was placed, and can you see that they are following the 180 Degree Rule?)

Did the editors cut back and forth between the two characters as an argument got more heated?

Next, pay attention to how the scene ends, and how the next scene begins. Is there a fade-out and fade-in? Are there any music cues or sound effects that carry over from one scene to the next? Can you figure out why the movie-makers made those choices?

Once you understand the different elements that make up a good movie, you can use these elements to make your own animated story come to life. You can make characters from clay, Legos and other toys, puppets, or figures that have a bendable wire interior. (You might like to watch a video about Callum Donovan, who makes his own characters out of found objects.)

* THE HERO'S JOURNEY

Do you need help coming up with a story? Watch the video below for guidance on how to get started. 

When you're ready to start animating, you can try out using a program like HUE Animation Studio. [The Brooklyn Refinery is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more]

For fun and for learning, watch stop motion animator Andy Bailey's behind-the-scenes tour of miniature animation sets and puppets from Laika Live's exhibit at Comic Con 2018. Laika Live animators are the creators of Coraline, ParaNorman, The Boxtrolls, Kubo and the Two Strings, and Missing Link. 

Do you feel ready to tackle stop motion animation? I hope so!

Don't miss: Free Comics Course and  Callum Donovan

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Mechanized Flip Books

Mechanical Flip Books by Juan Fontanive

Mechanized Flip Books

Artist Juan Fontanive has created a series of mechanized flip books of birds in flight.  Called Ornithology, the series of animated images are made from 18th and 19th Century natural history illustrations. Juan created collages from the illustrations and set them to flip at the right speed so that what we see is a continuous loop of birds in flight.

“The series began while Fontanive was studying at the Royal College of Art in London in 2004. At that time he collected Victorian clocks from the street markets in East London. He used the clock parts and other found objects to invent the machine that drives the animation. Designing the mechanism over time, the bird animation and machine have informed each other in their development - the wings hinging like paper, and the paper cards flapping at the rate of bird's wings.”                            juanfontanive.com


You can find more about Juan Fontanive on his website and on Instagram.

You might like to try your hand at making a flip book with the FlipBookit Maker Kit and the instructions found here. [The Brooklyn Refinery is reader-supported. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more]

Don't miss: How to Make a Pinhole Camera, Vintage Graphics, and Free Comics Course

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How to Make a Pinhole Camera

Pinhole camera photograph

How to Make a Pinhole Camera

Home made DIY Pinhole camera

A pinhole camera is a light-proof object with a small hole which can be opened and shut manually, allowing light to pass through the interior of the object and land on either negative film, negative paper, positive paper, or slide film. An image will be captured on the film or paper, and will appear after a reactive chemical developing process.

The pinhole is simply a small opening to allow light to pass through a dark area and land on something coated with photographic emulsion. There is no refractive lens involved in taking images with a pinhole camera. The body of the camera can vary, depending on the size and shape you’d like to use. 

Pinhole cameras have been made using diverse sizes and shapes: simple cardboard boxes, small matchboxes, hand crafted wooden boxes, a Campbell’s soup can, a round oatmeal container, a coffee can, and cars and vans.

Using Negative Film with Your Pinhole Camera

Film cameras use negative film, which gets chemically treated in order to develop the negative image, and then gets turned into a positive image via an enlarger, contact sheet, or a scanner and computer program (such as Photoshop or Adobe). You can use this process in taking and developing pinhole camera images. 

For a clearly written guide on developing and printing images taken with negative film, check out Paul Turounet's guide Printing Photographs in the Darkroom.

Using Negative Photo Paper with Your Pinhole Camera

But there's an alternative which you might find easier - making a negative using photo paper instead of film. The two videos below deal with this easier method.

The first takes you through the steps for making a pinhole camera. The second focuses on using a paper negative, and developing the image using items you’d find in a kitchen: water, dried mint, baking soda, Vitamin C tablets, and lemon juice.

You can find further instructions and links for the developing process from The Royal Institution’s Young Scientist Centre: How to Make and Use a Pinhole Camera, using the items listed above.

Download: Camera Template

Making a Positive

You can get a positive from a negative paper image several ways:

  • You can take a digital photo of your negative with your phone, and reverse the image. For detailed instructions and a video, check out PandaPix's Instructables tutorial How to Convert Film Negatives with a Digital Camera/Smartphone
  • You can scan the negative image into your computer, inverting it to a positive image using Photoshop or a similar photo program, where you can also tweak the contrast, etc.
  • You can make a contact print from your paper negative image, and develop the positive using chemicals, using the instructions below: 

Put the paper negative on top of another, unexposed, piece of photo paper. Weigh both papers down with a piece of glass, expose them to light, and develop the positive paper.

Make sure that the light sensitive side of the unexposed paper is facing up, so it’s in direct contact with the paper negative that's been exposed. The light sensitive, or emulsion, side of the photo paper is shinier than the non-emulsion side, and feels a little sticky if your finger is damp.

Place a piece of clear glass over the 2 pieces of photo paper, and expose the paper sandwich to a 15w bulb, held about 3 feet above the paper for a few seconds.​

Then, develop the print. If the image needs to be darker, make another print, exposing it to light for a longer period of time.​​​​

To develop the image using chemicals, refer to Paul Turounet's guide Printing Photographs in the Darkroom, under the subheading Print Processing Guide.

  • Or, you can use a direct positive print paper (good for both pinhole cameras and photograms)[The Brooklyn Refinery is reader-supported. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).] 

If you’d like to try your hand at taking photos with a pinhole camera, you’ll have to get used to working under low light conditions for loading, unloading, and developing your film (you might want to invest in a film changing bag), including cutting the paper down to the right size, and being able to tell by ‘feel’ which side should be facing the pinhole.  You’ll also need to learn how long your pinhole should remain ‘open’ under different sunlight conditions.

Ilford states that all of their black and white photo papers are suitable for pinhole photography. For more, explore Ilford’s Pinhole Photography FAQs. Also useful is Ilford's Pinhole Camera Exposure Calculator

  · Don't miss: Mechanized Flip Books.

Ilford Pinhole Camera

Ilford 1174025 Pinhole Camera for 4 x 5 film or photo paper. 

Eisco Pinhole

Eisco PH0607 Pinhole Camera Demonstration Kit. 

Holga 120 WPC Panoramic Camera

Holga 120 WPC Panoramic Pin Hole Super Wide Format Film Lomography Camera

Holga 120N Camera

Holga 120N Plastic Camera. 

Holga 135pc Camera

Holga 168120 135Pc 35mm Pinhole Camera. 


Lomography hp620 Diana Baby Camera

Lomography hp620 Diana Baby 110 Camera | with square and wide angle lenses. 

The Pinhole Camera Book

The Pinhole Camera: A Practical How-To Book for Making Pinhole Cameras and Images by Brian J. Krummel. 

Lomography Sprocket Rocket

Lomography Sprocket Rocket 915 35 mm wide angle camera.

Wood Pinhole Camera

What on Earth DIY Working Wood Pinhole Camera. (Simple to assemble.)

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How to Make a Bilum Bag

Bilum bag

How to Make a Bilum Bag

Bilum photo via Marielisha Ilai.

In Papua New Guinea, ‘bilum’ traditionally refers to a type of bag which is a symbol of a woman's social standing. Married women balance the bag's strap on their forehead, carry shopping goods and children in their stretchy bilum bag. 

Bilum bags are hand made using a knotless netting technique, using various looping methods. It is traditionally made from local plant materials, such as reeds, fibre from tree bark, sisal, and vine. It can also be made using alternatives like string and yarn, opening up the possibilities in colors that can be incorporated into bilum items. Like any looped fabric, bilum items can vary by patterns, colors, materials used, and size.

 · DON'T MISS: For more on bilum, and for videos on how locally sourced natural materials are prepped for bilum-making, check out our posts Bilum and Bilum Videos.

A Fabric's Purpose Expands

In the past few years, the women of PNG have revolutionized the way people think about bilum. A shift happened in the use of the looping technique when Florence Jaukae Kamel, a Papua New Guinea artist and designer, challenged the norm and started to think in terms of using bilum as a fabric rather than as a way to make bags.

Florence started to make dresses and hats. As a result, her designs significantly changed how people thought about bilum, and opened up a wider appreciation for the material and the women who make it.

Florence founded a collective of Goroka bilum-weaving PNG women (the Goroka Bilum Weavers Cooperative), which generates income for bilum crafters. In 2018, Florence was named Chairperson of the Bilum Export and Promotion Association (BEPA). Started in 2015, BEPA seeks to find local and international markets for their PNG-made bilum products.

Free Instructional Downloads

If you’d like to learn how to make bilum fabric, click through to download two instructional .pdfs below. The Journal of the Polynesian Society has instructions for several versions of looping techniques. And, the Papua New Guinea Government has created step-by-step instructions for how to make a bilum bag.

If you like the bold geometric look of Bilum, you might also like Tunisian and Tapestry crochet. Below are some books to help you explore this technique, as well as some other popular crochet books. Click on a book cover or button to learn more and to purchase. 

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).

 · DON'T MISS: For more crafting ideas, tutorials, and resources, explore Crafting Resources.

~ CROCHET BOOKS FOR YOUR LIBRARY ~

Modern Tapestry Crochet: Techniques, Projects, Adventure

This book lays out instructions for tapestry crochet in simple and easy-to-understand instructions - great for a beginner. It contains several patterns for scarves, cowls, shawls, blankets, hats, tote bags, and socks. After you learn the general technique laid out in this book, you'll be able to use any of the designs that are diagrammed to make any of the projects. 

The author of this book has been running workshops on how to make mochila bags since 2014. Her comprehensive book on the technique is a must-have for this technique - including patterns, making shoulder straps, ply-split braiding, and Kumihimo. 

Japanese Wonder Crochet is the first major Japanese crochet book to be translated into English. It introduces crafters outside Japan to the wonderful crochet techniques and charts that are so popular within the country. The book includes 25 projects, and 
shows a creative approach to classic crochet stitches such as Aran, herringbone, Bavarian, waffle, crocodile, reversible crochet, and many more. 

Corner-to-Corner is a fun and unique way of crocheting! By following a pixel graph instead of a written pattern, you can incorporate virtually any character or image you want into a crochet blanket. This great book includes how-to instructions and step-by-step photos. Also included are instructions for 5 cute throws. Adorable patterns and good instructions.

Explore Amigurumi, the Japanese art of crochet design, with 30 unique and darling patterns. These super cute designs are the reason this book is a best-seller. Lauren Espy inspires crocheters with her easy-to-follow patterns, pictures, and helpful instructions. 

Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

FREE ART BOOKS ONLINE  Start your own free collection of art books from three major museums.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

DISCOVER SASHIKO STITCHING  Learn how to make traditional Japanese decorative stitches for quilting, mending, and upcycling.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

Free Comics Course

Comics Course at California College of the Arts

Free Comics Course

Comics storytelling is serious business.

Graphic novels split storytelling straight down the middle between visual and textual information – making the structure a unique art form. Getting the story's text and picture balance just right is what makes great comics and graphic novels work.

The California College of the Arts has a Comics Department for both undergraduate and graduate studies, and offers an MFA in Comics. Matt Silady, an Eisner Award winner and current Chair of CCA's MFA in Comics Program, is the instructor for an online Comics course that’s free – Comics: Art in Relationship.

The adaptive course is made up of 5 sessions, with an estimated 10 hours of work per session, geared towards all levels of mastery in Comic-making.

What you need are pens, pencils, access to a scanner or digital camera, and a printer. And, you need to sign up for the course, which is held twice yearly. 


Here’s what each Session covers, as described on the Course sign-up page: 

Session 1: In this session, we will ask a few fundamental questions about what makes comics such a special art form. We’re also going to attempt to identify the basic building blocks we can use to tell compelling stories with the comic book medium.

Session 2: This session will explore text-image and panel to panel relationships and how to utilize these relationships to create dynamic and engaging comics.

Session 3: In this session, we'll explore the role time and space play in comics and how we can utilize the concept of compression and decompression to create exciting narratives in comics.

Session 4: Each comics page can take on a different personality depending on its panel layout. In this session, we'll explore the impact layouts have on the story you tell with each comic book page you make.

Session 5: In this session, we'll take a close look at planning out a multi-page scene through the use of thumbnail sketches.


Free Comics Videos

Want to watch free tutorial videos about comic-making without signing up for the online course?

Below are 2 videos from Mark Crilley, author of several books about drawing graphic novels and Manga, as well as several graphic novels. 


Want more Comics and drawing info? Check out Mark Crilley's YouTube Channel, and click through to read about the San Francisco Comics Festival, which Matt Siladay helped to start.

You Might Like...

You can explore Mark's books here. Or click on a book cover below to find out more on Amazon. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).


Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

TRENDING & POPULAR

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BILUM  Discover a fabric-making technique used in Papua New Guinea that can be used to make bags and dresses.

HOW TO MAKE AN AMISH RAG RUG  There's no sewing required to make this traditional homemade crafted item.

35,000 FREE KNITTING & CROCHETING PATTERNS Use our easily searchable list to find free patterns by Rowan, Vogue, Lion Brand, Berroco, and more.

HOW TO MAKE A LINOLEUM BLOCK PRINT  Watch how-to videos for beginners explaining the basic step-by-step process of making a linoleum block print.

HOW TO MAKE A BORO BAG  Learn how to make a stand-out bag using a Japanese patchwork technique and Sashiko stitching. 

'KNIT' LIKE THE VIKINGS  Discover an ancient fabric-making technique that's still done today, pre-dates knitting, and doesn't unravel.

MAGNETIC CLAY CERAMICS Ceramic artists working with magnetic clay can play with the forces of nature to create fantastical structures.

American Basketmakers

Basketmaking handmade baskets

Portraits of American Basketmakers

Close up of basket-making
making a sweetgrass basket by hand
making a honeysuckle basket

The Smithsonian American Art Museum and Renwick Gallery, which includes the Luce Foundation Center for American Art, is home to a vast collection of American art, including photography, paintings, New Deal art, African American art, Latino art, modern folk art, and self-taught art.

In the Smithsonian's video A Measure of the Earth: The Cole-Ware Collection of American Baskets, we are introduced to seven basketweavers from different regions of America who use various materials to make baskets by hand, from sourcing and preparing the raw material to shaping the final item.

An American Tradition

Several of the basketmakers portrayed talk about the thought processes involved in working on their time-consuming craft – making connections to people in the past who made and used baskets, as well as connections to the future, hoping that their work will last a century or more.

We learn about the inherent characters of various plant materials, and the process that produces a unique basket when the possibilities of shape and contour are revealed through the natures of the materials.

preparing natural wood to make a basket
weaving a basket by hand
shaving wood in preparation for making a basket

The Basketmakers

Stephen Zeh, brown ash basketmaker

Lynette Youson, sweetgrass basketmaker

Anne McCauley, honeysuckle basketmaker

Jo Campbell-Amsler, cultured willow basketmaker

Jennifer Heller Zurick, willow bark basketmaker

Aaron Yakim and Cynthia Taylor, white oak basketmakers

For more on four types of basketmaking, read descriptions of plaiting, wicker, twining, and coiling on The Language of Native American Baskets

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How Batik Fabric is Made

A man using a special pen called tjanting,, drawing with melted wax to make batik fabric

Making Batik Fabric

A close up of a woman using a tool to apply melted wax to make batik fabric

Below are four videos about the making of batik, a wax-resistant fabric-making process.

In order to get a multi-colored end result, the fabric will go through a series of dye baths, with wax drawing or stamping done in between the different colored baths.

Batik fabricators need to plan out the colors they're going to use, and begin with the lightest color. Each color is preserved from the next dye bath by drawing melted, liquid wax on the parts of the fabric that are to remain the current color.

The cooled wax seals the wax-covered parts of the cotton, preventing those areas from absorbing dye. The cotton will absorb the dye in the areas that are not covered in wax.

After all the dyeing, the wax will be melted off the fabric.

The videos below show different techniques and styles of batik-making, from carefully planned patterns made with a thin-line drawing tool to abstract, improvised strokes made with wide brushes.

Batik Videos

Batik of Java: A Centuries Old Tradition by the San Francisco Asian Art Museum

   · Don't miss: To read a transcript of this video, scroll down to the bottom of this page.

Batik Documentary by Alvyn Fabrics

Batik Production at Edtex in Ghana with Textile Designer Edwina Assan by Fashion Africa Now

Unique Batik from Tanzania by Bernd Riebe

  · Don't miss: How Printed Fabric is Made, Kaffee Fassett Design Process, and Preserving Textiles. Click here to see Batik supplies on Amazon. [As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).]

Batik Documentary Transcript

"Many places in the world pattern textiles by applying wax to protect certain areas from dye. During the dye process, the waxed areas resist the dye, and when the wax is removed, a pattern emerges. Both the technique and the textiles produced are called batik. The word “batik” may derive from the Javanese words “to write” and “dots.”

Nowhere in the world is this method of patterning textiles as highly refined as in Indonesia. There are two main methods of making Indonesian batik: one using a small tool called a canting to draw patterns, the other using metal stamps to apply the wax. Stamps produce textiles faster for both export and domestic demand. In this way, batik can be made at a lower cost, and finished garments are more affordable.

The most refined and expensive batik is produced by hand. Patterns are drawn using a canting or wax stylus, a method called batik tulis or “written batik.” The stylus consists of a bamboo or wood stick with a small spouted copper reservoir for wax at the end. The artist dips the cup into a pot of hot wax, blows on it to assure smooth application through the spout, and then applies the wax, drawing patterns with the spout. After both sides of a cloth have been waxed, it is ready to be dyed. For a complex pattern with many colors, the cloth is waxed and dyed many times.

Let’s look at the process of batik by visiting a collective of artisans in the village of Kebon in Central Java. The first step in making batik is to apply the design. The design is first drawn on paper and then transferred using a pencil, or non-permanent ink, to fine white cotton cloth. The design may be a centuries-old traditional pattern, or, as in the case here, it may reflect the contemporary aesthetics of the artisans. After the pattern is transferred, the cloth is ready for the first layer of wax.

Batik wax is a combination of paraffin, beeswax, and resin. It is a translucent yellow when it is fresh, but may look dark brown or black after many reuses. The artisan retraces the design on the cloth with wax using the canting. Some areas are then filled in with decorative detail, known as isen-isen. A skilled batik artisan will know hundreds of isen-isen.

The artist applies the wax with steadiness; years of practice that often began as a child allows her to work quickly, with fluidity and accuracy. Once the wax has been applied to the entire cloth, it is ready for its first immersion in a dye bath.

Many communities in Indonesia use imported synthetic dyes; however, there is a growing trend to use natural dyes, as we find in this collective of artisans in Kebon. Traditionally, the ability to make dyes was extremely important in textile-producing communities, and villages would be known for the quality of dyes produced. Some frequently used colors are derived from indigo leaves, jelawe fruit, mahogany wood, teger wood, tinggi bark, and mango leaves.

The dye is heated in outdoor pots. Nothing goes to waste in the countryside where wood and ash waste from the fire will feed hungry chickens. The dye is transferred to a basin where the artisan ensures the cloth is immersed. After the first dye bath, the cloth is dried in the sun. Then, certain areas are covered with wax, to preserve the first color, before the cloth is dipped into a second color.

The artisan is familiar with the finished design, and knows where to apply the wax. Fine cantings are used to draw lines to contain the colorful design. Cantings with larger spouts will be used to “hold” large areas of color that will be preserved during subsequent dye baths. This process of applying wax to the cloth, dyeing, adding more wax, and further dyeing and drying will be repeated several, if not dozens of times, depending on the pattern and number of finished colors in the batik cloth.

Between waxings, the textile is sometimes immersed in boiling water to remove wax, and then rewaxed to protect different parts of the pattern from subsequent dyeing. Once the dyeing and waxing is completed, the cloth is ready for final wax removal.

The textiles are taken to a neighboring house where large pots of water are set up for wax removal. The wax will be collected for reuse by boiling it out in several pots from very hot to cooler water. The reclaiming of the wax is part of the sustainable practice in this community, where recycled wax is used again.

Finally, the cloth is wrung out and returned to the village, where it is hung to dry a last time. Finished batik cloths can be used for many purposes. They are worn as sarongs and made into clothing and accessories for both local uses and export. Today, contemporary fashion designers are also incorporating batik into their designs. Batik remains an important element of costume for dance performances and for ceremonial dress in many parts of Indonesia and neighboring countries Children learn how to work in a community of artisans, each generation passing on to the next the cultural heritage of this remarkable cloth."

Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike

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How to Felt a Wool Sweater

Washing machine picture for sweater felt article

How to Felt a Wool Sweater


If you’ve thrown a sweater into the wash thinking it will survive the machine's tossing and turning without too much shrinkage, and then been surprised by the pint-sized sweater that you pull out after the final rinse cycle, then you know how to make your own felted wool.

I’ve learned from my washing mistakes, and now I look at my aging sweaters and determine whether they can be rehabilitated into a new life through the magic of shrinkage.

Wool that's been agitated in hot water changes its characteristic stretchiness, as the fibers tighten and become matted together. The resulting dense felted fabric is no longer a sweater that can unravel.

Rather, It's felted wool that can be cut and sewn together without fear of fraying. It’s got a new life as a stronger, more durable and warmer fabric that's now ready to be turned into mittens, scarves, hats, skirts, slippers, ponchos, capes, shawls, and quilted bedcovers.

Washing machine picture showing hot temperature needed to felt a sweater


After you intentionally shrink your first sweater, you'll begin to see the possibilities of working with this fabric, and you might end up collecting sweaters for future projects just like you'd do with fabric for quilting, building an inventory of different colors, weights, and stitch patterns.

When searching for sweaters to felt, keep in mind that you want the wool content to be at least 80%. Every sweater with at least 80% wool is brimming with possibilities. Men's Size XXL sweaters will give you larger pieces of felt post-washing. Baby and kids sweaters might come in patterns you wouldn't find in adult sweaters. And sweaters with extra long ribbing might come in handy for making mittens.

          · Don't miss: American Crafts, Preserving Textiles, and Crafting Resources.

Tips for felting:

  • Wash like colors together
  • Set machine to the highest hot setting
  • Add a small amount of laundry liquid
  • Check on the sweater every 5 minutes or so 
  • Remove the sweater from the machine when the shrinkage is just right - if it's balled up and won't lie flat, it's been shrunk too much
  • Lie the sweater flat for air drying
  • If you want more shrinkage, put the damp sweater in the dryer, and check on it frequently

You can also felt sweaters by hand:

  • Fill up a basin with hot water and a little liquid soap 
  • Add the sweater to the water
  • Scrub and agitate the sweater until it shrinks
  • Make sure you rinse all the detergent out
  • If necessary, toss it in the dryer for more shrinkage - be sure to check on the shrinkage every few minutes so it doesn't over-shrink
Photo of scissors to cut sweaters to turn into felt

Once the sweater is dry, disassemble it:

  • Cut off buttons
  • Turn the sweater inside-out so the seams are exposed
  • With a good pair of scissors, cut close to a side seam all the way up to the sleeve
  • Cutting close to the shoulder seam, cut the sleeve off
  • Cut along the shoulder seams
  • Cut the other sleeve off
  • Don't cut the second side seam
  • Leave the main body of the sweater as one piece - you might want a big section for a project
  • On each sleeve, cut down the sleeve seam, giving you a flat piece of felted wool
  • As you're cutting the sweater apart, keep an eye out for moth holes and stains
  • Put a piece of paper tape over any holes and stains you find, so you can make sure to cut around the blemishes.

More tips:

If you need to store your felt, make sure you put your pieces in a dry, covered container, away from moths and other bugs.

To keep bugs away, you can add a couple of drops of Rosemary, Cedarwood, or Thyme essential oil to cotton balls and add them to your felt storage container. You can also add a lavender sachet.

If you’d like a more detailed explanation of turning sweaters into felted material with before-and-after photos, Make Magazine offers some advice and a felting how-to article.

Sweaters that are partial wool can also be upcycled, but won't be fray-proof like felted wool. To deconstruct the sweater, cut into pieces by following the seams. 

In the making of any project with non-felted sweaters, you'll need to stop any potential fraying by machine stitching zig-zags on all the raw, cut edges.

Next, watch a thrifty knitter source sweaters to be deconstructed for their yarn at DIY Mindset

Below are three books about working with sweaters and felted wool. Click on a link to see them or purchase them on Amazon. [As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).]

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600+ Free Art Books Online

David Teniers the Younger, David Taisniers, an example of the art books available online for free

600+ Free Art Books Online

Hefty art books, with full-color reproductions on glossy pages, demand respect on any shelf or coffee table. But they can be expensive, take up space, and use up paper.

Three American art museums have gifted us all with free access to their collections of art books. Without committing to making a payment beyond our internet and phone charges, we can build our own online libraries of art books and exhibition catalogs, courtesy of the Guggenheim, Met, and Getty Museums. 

Below are links and instructions to get you started building your own online library.

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

Exterior photo of Guggenheim Museum re. free art books online

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum publishes books and catalogs to coincide with its exhibitions. The Guggenheim offers access to view 200+ of its published texts which accompanied shows, from 1936 – 2005, on their archive.org page

Just click on an image and you’ll get a pop-up screen with an online magazine style layout.

You can flip through the pages forwards and backwards with simple clicks on the right and left hand sides of the book. Information about the publication is listed beneath the text, and similar texts are listed beneath that information.

If you’d like to download the publication, just click on the search icon (magnifying glass in the upper right), and you’ll get a pop-up window with several format choices: .pdf, ePub, Plain Text, DAISY, and Kindle.

The Met Museum

Interior photo of the Met Museum re. free art books online

New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met) offers 50 years’ worth of its publications on art history available to read and download for free. These 1,500+ publications are available on their MetPublications page.

They include books, online publications, Bulletins, and Journals, dating back as far as 1964.

“MetPublications includes a description and table of contents for most titles, as well as information about the authors, reviews, awards, and links to related Met titles by author and by theme. Current book titles that are in-print may be previewed and fully searched online, with a link to purchase the book. The full contents of almost all other book titles may be read online, searched, or downloaded as a PDF."

Use the search box on the left side to find a publication by Title, Author, Keyword, Publication type, Thematic category, Format, or Collection/Department:

  • American Decorative Arts
  • American Paintings and Sculpture
  • Ancient Near Eastern Art
  • Antonio Ratti Textile Center
  • Arms and Armor
  • Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas
  • Asian Art
  • Drawings and Prints
  • Education
  • Egyptian Art
  • European Paintings
  • European Sculpture and Decorative Arts
  • Greek and Roman Art
  • Islamic Art
  • Medieval Art and the Cloisters
  • Modern and Contemporary Art
  • Musical Instruments
  • Objects Conservation
  • Paintings Conservation
  • Paper Conservation
  • Photograph Conservation
  • Photographs
  • Robert Lehman Collection
  • Scientific Research
  • The Costume Institute
  • Watson Library
  • "Many of these out-of-print books will be available for purchase, when rights permit, through print-on-demand capabilities in association with Yale University Press. For the Met's Bulletin, all but the most recent issue can be downloaded as a PDF. For the Met's Journal, all individual articles and entire volumes can be downloaded as a PDF.”  Met Publications

    The Getty Museum

    Exterior photo of J. Paul Getty Museum re. free art books online


    Getty Publications offers over 250 art books, free to browse and download, through their Virtual Library. The Virtual Library’s free-to-download books and texts come from several Getty institutions: the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Getty Conservation Institute, and the Getty Research Institute

    All of the books are available in .pdf format.

    Want to check out free photos from museums? In the past few years, many museums, libraries, and corporate collections have uploaded photo libraries online and made them available to the public. Some have even made their images open to public domain use, with free downloads.

    If you'd like to explore further, see our articles Museum Collection Images, Craft Museums, and Digitized Knitting Magazines.

    Collectible Art Books

    If you love flipping through glossy pages of photo-rich specialty books, you'll find a great selection of art, design, fashion, and architecture books at the online stores The Met Musem Store and Taschen. [This post contains affiliate links. Please read my disclosure for more information.] You can find our curated art and craft book shop by clicking on any of the book covers below. 

    Having fun with new and traditional crafts, art, design, DIY, and freebies.

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    Bilum

    A photo of a woman's hands using a bilum fabric-making technique

    Bilum

    “They come in different patterns, each pattern resembling certain tribe or clan. More complex and specific patterns are made for carrying during public appearances or displayed during the ceremonial events.

    The special ceremonial events include yam festivals, tambuan dances, bride price payment, dead compensation and barter system between the river people and the inland wosera people.

    The complex patterns are of inheritance and only very few ladies in a village possess those inherited talents. The Wosera people are the only tribe that maintains the originalities of the bilum patterns and treasures the complexity of their inherited patterns and it is the only significance of that area.”               

    How To For Papua New Guineans by E. Mathias

    A Brilliant Designer

    Florence Jaukae Kamel, a Papua New Guinea artist and designer, is changing the way a traditional craft is thought of and used. In the past few years there’s been a creative movement in PNG that's given rise to a radical shift in the way people think about bilum, and Florence is the brains behind this change.

    Bilum is a handwoven fabric in Papua New Guinea that has traditionally been used to make bags. The bags are a symbol of a woman's social standing, and are worn on the head by married women to carry shopping goods, tools, and children. 

    Bilum bags, made in the traditional way, are handmade using local plant materials – reeds, fibre from tree bark, sisal, or vine - which are twisted into a yarn that’s woven into a stretchy fabric using a knotless netting technique using a single needle. They can also be made by crocheting. Feathers and fur are sometimes added as decorative details.

    Close up of Geometric pattern of Bilum fabric

    Click on this bilum photo to visit the Goroka Bilum Weavers, EHP Papua New Guinea Facebook page.

    Nowadays, those who can afford some store bought string or yarn will opt for the brightly colored alternative to the reeds, which have to be harvested and prepared for use.

    Like any market bag, bilums can vary by patterns, colors, handle length, materials used, and size.

    Image Credit: Leonard Epstein photography, 2017

    Image: Elizabeth Bonshek / 2007

    A Radical Idea

    A shift happened in the use of the bilum technique when Florence Jaukae Kamel challenged the norm and started to use the technique to make items other than bags. She made dresses and hats. 

    Florence flipped the traditional thinking behind using bilum. Because of her, it's not just a means to an end. Rather, she's separated it from the ties to social standing, and has used it as a fabric. The bilum fabric is so versatile that it can be used to make any number of items, including bags, hats, and dresses (including wedding dresses). 

    This has been a radical change in perspective. And that change in thinking was also the beginning of a change in PNG womens’ lives. 

    In 2012, Florence started a company that sells her bilum fashion designs, Jukae Bilum Products. She also founded the Goroka Bilum Weavers Cooperative (a collective of Goroka bilum women weavers), and the Goroka Bilum Festival.

    Portrait of Florence Jaukae Kamel wearing Bilum dress

    Florence Jaukae Kamel Photos»Photostream · Pictures. Women Empowering Women Luncheon

    “Most of my country men and women, they think I was insane or something. They were like 'What's happened to Florence? What is she trying to do? Get in something that will carry a food and baby?' It is kastom (custom), it's hard, you can't do it (change custom). But I just did it.

    Everybody started thinking that I had gone insane but I wanted to prove them wrong and I had a dream that one day I will see my outfit go on the runway or the catwalk in a western country like maybe New York or England so that people will know that I am not insane.”  Florence Jaukae Kamel

    Photograph by of Marielisha Ilai

    A Dream Come True

    In September, 2014, Florence was invited to participate in the International Trade Centre’s Women and Trade Programme, which paired women designers from Ethiopia, India, Mongolia, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, and Peru with students from the London College of Design, and New York City’s Parsons New School of Design. The designs created from this project were featured in a runway event in NYC.

    Below is a photo of the bilum dress that was shown during the LDNY Festival Launch.

    A bilum dress worn by a model on a runway

    Photo by Spencer Kohn/LDNY

    Follow Florence and the Goroka Bilum Festival on Facebook.

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    12 Wonderful Market Bag Patterns

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    The great thing about making your own bags is that you can choose your patterns and colors, and no one will have the same bag – or bags. 

    Below are links to some gorgeous knitting and crocheting patterns in a variety of shapes and sizes, including a traditional looking French crocheted string bag, a Japanese Knot Bag, a bucket bag, and a tapestry-technique crocheted bag.

    If you’re inspired by the entire design - color and pattern - you can use the pattern’s suggested yarn. Or, use your preferred yarn, experiment with something new, size up or down the pattern, and use your favorite colors, from subtle linen tan to popping orange, purple, or blue.

    We hope you’ll be inspired to take one of these patterns and make a gorgeous accessory that you can use for years to come.

    Some of the patterns are free. Follow the individual links to access the patterns.

    Many of the patterns are available through Ravelry. Now might be a good time to sign up for a free account if you're new to Ravelry!



    The Ultimate Market Bag by Connie Lee Lynch

    Designed by Connie Lee Lynch, this gorgeous bag comes in 3 sizes. 

    Purchase the pattern for $5.00 through the link above.



    Royal Crown Market Bag by Knot Bad

    This cross-over shoulder market bag is made with 2 skeins of 24/7 cotton. 

    Purchase the pattern for $2.50 through the link above.



    String Market Bag by Sally Harding

    Published in Crochet Step by Step by Sally Harding, this bag is made in the round, with a solid bottom to prevent items from slipping out.

    This pattern is available for free through the link above.



    The Maggie Market Bag by Polly and Jam

    This slouchy crocheted bag with fluffy poms is worked in one piece with no seaming required.

    The pattern uses UK crocheting terminology, and is available for 4.00 GBP through the link above.




    Japanese Knot Bag by Rick Mondragon

    This knot bag has a circumference of 18 inches and a height of 8 inches.

    Published in The Knitting Universe, it's available for free through the link above.



    Moorit Crochet Tote Kit

    This crocheted bag is a kit that includes Japanese bamboo paper yarn, meant for an intermediate crocheter.

    It's available for 7560 YEN (approx. US $70) through the link above.


    Delia Creates Sturdy Market Tote

    This bag was crocheted using two strands together, making a chunky and super-sturdy market bag.

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    Bobby Bucket Bag by Mother bunch

    This slouchy crocheted market bag is 18 inches by 18 inches, and is worked in a continuous round.

    It's available for free through the link above.



    Lion Brand Yarn's All-About-Town Knit Tote

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    Starling Handbag by Alice Merlino

    This crocheted bag comes in three sizes, and is perfectly proportioned for carrying home stemmed flowers and long breads.

    This pattern is available for free through the link above.



    Market Bag for Left Handed Crocheters by Carol Ventura

    This pattern uses the tapestry crochet technique, where two or more colors are worked at the same time.

    The pattern is available for $5.00 through Patternfish.




    Market Bag in Jute Cotton by Uma Padu

    This slouchy, stretchy market bag pattern suggests using jute cotton yarn. It's 19 inches wide by 26 inches tall, including the handle.

    This pattern is available for $6.00 through the link above.

    If you're a beginning knitter, you can learn through our guides and curated videos in How to Knit, Yarn and Knitting Basics, and Knitting Videos. Advanced knitters can learn complicated stitches by starting at 12 Advanced Knitting Techniques.

    You can see what's popular and trending in knitting techniques and styles in our list of 25 Best Selling Knitting Books. And, for quick links to knitting how-to's and articles about other crafts, visit our Crafting Resources page.

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    Craft Museums

    Museum wrapped with large pink ribbon and bow. One of the craft museums included in our craft museum list.

    Craft Museums

    Exterior photo of the Smithsonian Institute Castle

    Smithsonian Institute

    Our post Museum Collection Images outlines public and private museum collections which have images of crafted items online. Some of the museums mentioned in the post offer free downloadable images which are in the public domain. 

    There are also museums which don’t have extensive online collections of work, but which feature images from current and past shows, where craft items may be included.

    The American Craft Council lists museums which collect and show contemporary American crafted items.  

    You can also search the American Craft Council’s state-by-state list of museums.

    There's nothing quite like seeing museum items up close, in person, where you can get a sense of scale and put the item in historical context.

    But you can also use your laptop or phone to search, study, and get inspiration from works that have been collected, photographed, and put online to share. 

    Below are some quick links for quilts, textiles, folk art, fiber arts, contemporary crafts, handicrafts, weaving, wood works, ceramics, pottery, and glassworks collections to visit or view online:

    The National Quilt Museum 

    The New England Quilt Museum  

    The International Quilt Study Center and Museum  

    The Quilt Index at the Michigan State University Museum  

    Smithsonian Institute’s National Museum of American History National Quilt Collection

    Smithsonian Institute's National Museum of American History Textiles Collection 

    The San Jose Museum of Quilts and Textiles  

    The Museum of International Folk Art  

    Pacific Northwest Quilt & Fiber Arts Museum  

    Museum of Contemporary Craft  

    KMAC Museum  

    Ohio Craft Museum  

    San Francisco’s Museum of Craft and Design  

    Houston Center for Contemporary Craft  

    Society for Contemporary Craft  

    Racine Art Museum  

    National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, Delhi, India  

    Bellevue Arts Museum  

    The Center for Art in Wood  

    Harvard Museum of Natural History Glass Flowers: The Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants

    Thousand Islands Arts Center – Home of the Handweaving Museum  

    The Tate  

    Whitney Museum of American Art  

    Other C​hoices

    Three American art museums have gifted us all with free access to their collections of art books. Without committing to making a payment beyond our internet and phone charges, we can build our own online libraries of art books and exhibition catalogs, courtesy of the Guggenheim, Met, and Getty Museums. You'll be able to access books via a search for these topics:

  • American Decorative Arts
  • American Paintings and Sculpture
  • Ancient Near Eastern Art
  • Antonio Ratti Textile Center
  • Arms and Armor
  • Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the                    Americas
  • Asian Art
  • Drawings and Prints
  • Education
  • Education
  • Egyptian Art
  • European Paintings
  • European Sculpture and                                Decorative Arts
  • Greek and Roman Art
  • Islamic Art
  • Medieval Art and the Cloisters
  • Modern and Contemporary Art
  • Musical Instruments
  • Objects Conservation
  • Paintings Conservation
  • Paper Conservation
  • Photograph Conservation
  • Photographs
  • Robert Lehman Collection
  • Scientific Research
  • The Costume Institute
  • Watson Library
  • You can start your search and library here: 600+ Free Art Books Online.

    DON'T MISS our guide to downloading Vintage Maps for free. You can just frame the maps as a great home decor addition. Or, use them in scrap-booking and other paper craft projects. And, transfer them to fabric for using in quilts or making pillows.

    For more inspiration, see what American Crafts have been featured in a TV show dedicated to American craft-making - with the first three seasons available for free online. It's great to see the craft-makers, their processes, and their work spaces.

    We've created a page of quick links for you to get started with Crafting Resources, including where to get great free resources for crafting, crafting How-To's, and the online stores we source from for our own projects.

    Collectible Art Books

    If you love flipping through glossy pages of photo-rich specialty books, you'll find a great selection of art, design, fashion, and architecture books at the online stores The Met Musem Store and Taschen. [This post contains affiliate links. Please read my disclosure for more information.]

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    Museum collections inventory boxes on shelves

    Museum Collection Images

    In the past few years, many museums, libraries, and corporate collections have uploaded their photo libraries online and made them available to the public. Some have even made their images open to public domain use, with free downloads.

    Below is a list of entities where you’re welcome to search their databases for art and craft images.

    Just click on the links provided to access images.

    Exterior photo of the Met Museum re. free art books online

    Art Images from Museums & Libraries

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art offers a treasure trove of easily searchable crafted items, many which are not on view but are tucked away in their archives. ​

    Searching by Object Type gets results for beads, ceramics, glass, porcelain, pottery, printing blocks, tapestries, needlework, textiles, linen, lace, etc., including furniture and textiles from 8000 BC to the present.

    You can filter The Met’s Open Access Artworks on the left hand side by Artist/Culture, Object Type/Material, Geographic Location, Date/Era, and Department.

    The Department breakdown for searching is (in alphabetical order): American Decorative Arts (8982 pieces), American Paintings and Sculpture (4799), Ancient Near Eastern Art (6157), Antonio Ratti Textile Center (42), Arms and Armor (5864), Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas (6125), Asian Art (30274), Brooklyn Museum Costume Collection (2415), The Cloisters (2261), Costume Institute (7732), Drawings and Prints (49619), Egyptian Art (12606), European Paintings (1943), European Sculpture and Decorative Arts (30889), Greek and Roman Art (12799), Islamic Art (12329), The Libraries (139), Medieval Art (6812), Modern and Contemporary Art (1046), Musical Instruments (1856), Photographs (6723), Provenance Research Project (311), and the Robert Lehman Collection (2362).

    You can also filter by Highlights, Artworks on Display, Artworks with Image, and Public Domain Artworks. To get you started, here’s a page with images in the public domain, including a Ceramic Bowl from the 13th – 15th century, and an Embroidered Sampler made by Hannah B. Loring, dated 1812.

    ​​Google Arts & Culture includes more than 250,000 works of art from more than 250 museums worldwide, including Japanese, Kuwaiti, Danish, and Australian museums.

    If you’ve got a gmail account, you’ll have a Profile in the upper right in Google Arts & Culture. There, you can create a List of Favorites and a Gallery. You can click on Nearby to get a mapped list of galleries and museums near your current location.

    You can explore featured artists, themes, and stories. Click on EXPLORE in the upper right corner to be directed to a page with Highlights, Categories, Collections, Top Stories of the Week, and Popular Topics.

    For example, after searching for “crafts,” the site suggested 542 Stories, 3 Themes, 4,859 photographed items, and 10 museum views to get me started.

    (I wanted to dive right into a photo featuring “Weaving, Honba Oshima Tsumugi Fabric” from the collection of Kyoto Women, as well as a photo of Akamba beadwork from the collection of Kenya National Archives. This is a true treasure trove, laid out in a stunningly visual searchable platform.)

    LACMA-main-campus

    The Los Angeles County Museum of Art  The LA County Museum online collections database offers up, among others, searchable categories for Gods and Goddesses, Greek Ceramics, So Cal Design, Spanish Colonial Art & 19th Century Art, Woodcuts, Glass, and Portraits through its collections portal.

    The American Folk Art Museum’s online image collection includes works on paper, paintings, quilts, photographs, furniture, Fraternal art and objects, and books, sculptures, and signs. 

    The New York Public Library’s Digital Collection has a treasure trove of over 180,000 easily searchable items in their online database, including photographs, advertisements, ephemera, maps, atlases, illustrations, postcards, book jackets, etc.

    The New York Public Library’s Open Access Maps project includes more than 20,000 works which are in the public domain. 

    The British Library has uploaded images to its Flickr Commons Project. A good place to start is the British Library Commons page

    The Museum of New Zealand's online collection includes “800,000 artworks, taonga, photographs, collection objects, and botanical and zoological specimens from Te Papa’s collections.” Objects can be searched based on whether there are images, and whether the images are downloadable. The collection includes categories Taonga Maori, Pacific Cultures, History, Photography, Art, Botany and Zoology.

    National Gallery of Art

    The National Gallery of Art  “...Images is a repository of digital images of the collections of the National Gallery of Art. On this website you can search, browse, share, and download images. A standards-based reproduction guide and a help section provide advice for both novices and experts. More than 51,000 open access digital images up to 4000 pixels each are available free of charge for download and use. NGA Images is designed to facilitate learning, enrichment, enjoyment, and exploration.”

    The Rijksmuseum has curated its database of images into collections, which are searchable by themes, such as Embroidery, Fashion, Still Life, and Animal Drawings.

    The Smithsonian’s Freer and Sackler Galleries and the Freer Study Collection have over 40,000 works available for high resolution download.

    Additional Museum Resources

    Below are links to some museums that are either not that user-friendly for searching for crafted items, or have few crafted items but are a great potential resources for inspiration nonetheless.

    Norway’s National Museum of Art, Architecture, and Design has a collection of over 400,000 art and craft objects which you can view online, and a page where you can start your search by technique.

    If you need to translate from Norwegian to English, you can use Google's Translator.

    Stanford University’s French Revolution Collection  

    If you’re a cartoonist or collagist, you might really enjoy perusing the more than 14,000 high-resolution images from Stanford University’s French Revolution Digital Archive, a partnership between Stanford University and the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

    You can look at medals, coins, prints, illustrations, and artifacts at the Parliamentary Archives and Images of the French Revolution.

    Stanford University’s Cantor Art Center has over 45,000 works of art available to browse

    The Getty Museum’s Open Content Program 

    The Getty Search Gateway links to the J. Paul Getty Museum Collection Database, the Getty Research Institute Research Library Catalog, the Getty Research Institute Collections Inventories and Finding Aids, and the Getty Research Institute Digital Collections.

    The Guggenheim Museum has "...over 1,700 artworks by more than 625 artists, the Collection Online presents a searchable database of selected artworks from the Guggenheim’s permanent collection of more than 7,000 artworks. The selection reflects the breadth, diversity, and tenor of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation’s extensive holdings from the late 19th century through the present day. The Collection Online is continually expanded to include a larger representation of the museum’s core holdings as well as recent acquisitions.”

    The Museum of Modern Art has 77,000 works available for perusal online.

    Other Choices

    There are museums which don’t have extensive online collections of work, but which feature images from current and past shows, where craft items may be included. Our post Craft Museums points you to a list of museums which collect and show contemporary American crafted items.

    You can do online searches to study and get inspiration from works that have been collected, photographed, and put online to share. You'll find quick links for quilts, textiles, folk art, fiber arts, contemporary crafts, handicrafts, weaving, wood works, ceramics, pottery, and glassworks collections to visit in person or view online.

    Three American art museums have gifted us all with free access to their collections of art books. Without committing to making a payment beyond our internet and phone charges, we can build our own online libraries of art books and exhibition catalogs, courtesy of the Guggenheim, Met, and Getty Museums. You can start your search and library here: 600+ Free Art Books Online.

    For more inspiration, see what American Crafts have been featured in a TV show dedicated to American craft-making - with the first three seasons available for free online. It's great to see the craft-makers, their processes, and their work spaces.

    We've created a page of quick links for you to get started with Crafting Resources, including where to get great free resources for crafting, crafting How-To's, and the online stores we source from for our own projects.

    Collectible Art Books

    If you love flipping through glossy pages of photo-rich specialty books, you'll find a great selection of art, design, fashion, and architecture books at the online stores The Met Musem Store and Taschen. [This post contains affiliate links. Please read my disclosure for more information.]

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    Searching for free images online can be time-consuming and daunting.  The Graphics Fairy site has an image bank of over 5000 images, and is easily searchable by vintage graphics type and theme. 

    Available for free on The Graphics Fairy are vintage stock images, antique graphics, illustrations, and printables that are in the public domain.

    You can search by themes such as children, advertising, wedding, flowers, postcards, travel, garden, animal, retro, maps, botanicals, natural history, and many more.

    Hover your mouse over "Categories" in the top menu and you'll see a list of 78 different categories you can dive into.

    Karen Watson, the brains and blogger behind The Graphics Fairy, is generous with her collection of goodies. Besides the graphics, she offers instructions for DIY/craft projects. Many of these projects involve transferring her site’s graphic images onto objects – glass jars, coffee mugs, fabric, and furniture.

    Karen’s projects have the look and feel of classic pieces that you might find at high-end stores, and she shows you how to achieve the desired effects with clearly explained and photographed step-by-step instructions.

    Vintage Graphics Project Ideas


    Some of my favorite projects from her site are: furniture painting techniques; how to age galvanized metal; how to print on fabric using an ink jet printer and freezer paper; and, transfer and decoupage projects.

    Images available on The Graphics Fairy can be used to make transfers, and for decoupage, scrapbooking, DIY projects, craft tutorials, and home decorating.

    And, as long as you follow Karen’s rules, you can use them as free printables for your own website.

    If you need help getting started, you'll get a lot of ideas by visiting The Graphics Fairy's Transfer Printables page, followed up by checking out suggested transfer methods for DIY projects.


    Image Transfer Method Instructions


    After checking out Karen's My Top Tip for working with Transfers, you'll be ready to tackle some image transfer methods outlined by The Graphics Fairy and other DIY sites. Here are some quick links:

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    The Citra Solv Method

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    The Freezer Paper Method

    The Iron On Method

    Printing on Fabric

    The Mod Podge Method

    The Omni Gel Method

    Transfer Method for Inkjet or Laser Prints

    DIY Packing Tape Transfers

    Transfer to Leather

    6 Ways to Print on Fabric

    High Quality Image Transfers on Fabric

    Chalk Paint Transfer Technique

    Wood Transfer Method

    Clear Contact Method

    Easy Clay Image Transfer

    Transfer a Simple Image onto Glass

    How to Mirror Your Images for Transfers

    How to Reverse Your Images with Picmonkey

    Terms for Graphics Reuse


    Here are the generous terms for reuse for The Graphics Fairy:

    “The Graphics Fairy is an Angel Company. You are free to use all clip art images in any of your projects created for resale or pleasure. Please do not use more than 6 of the graphic images within any one project, or within a single page of a blog or website. My images may not be used on free graphics sites (in other words if you own a “free graphics site”, do not post my images on your site to give away for free). You may sell my graphics, as collage sheets, or printables, if you desire, providing you follow the 6 image rule. A link to the Graphics Fairy is very much appreciated, when including the images on your blog or website. Thank you! © The Graphics Fairy 2007”

    Please also check out her Disclaimer webpage outlining public domain and copyright issues with the reuse of images.

    MORE LINKS:

    How to Make a Plarn Bag

    Graphic instructions for how to turn a plastic bag into plarn


    How to Make a Plarn Bag

    Screen grab from Plastic Bag Crafts

    Plastic + Yarn = Plarn

    PLARN is "yarn" made from plastic bags. It's yarn in the sense that it can be made into a continuous piece of usable thread which can be knitted or crocheted into a piece of fabric. 

    Plarn has a strength and durability which is useful when turned into items like reusable shopping bags. It's also lightweight and bug resistant, making it a good material to use for making sleeping mats. 

    Plastic bags have gone from a shopping convenience to a threat to animals and a burden on the environment.

    If you'd like to repurpose thin, flimsy plastic bags into a super-strong shopping tote, carry all, or mat, the first step is to gather your bags and cut them into 1" wide strips.

    Instructions for cutting the strips and creating a continuous thread can be found on Plastic Bag Crafts. It shows how to fold and cut plastic bags into loops, which are then attached one to another through simple pull-through knotting. Once you’ve got a few feet going, you can wind your plastic yarn into convenient balls.

    To the right of the instructions on Plastic Bag Craft’s Make Plarn page you'll find several links to plarn projects under Recent Posts, including: 

    Plarn Market Bag          Flat-bottom grocery tote bag         Plarn amigurumi buddies

    Plarn Rope

    You can also make a rope out of plastic bags, and use it to make handles for bags. To create plarn rope, you'll need to make 3 balls of equal-length plarn, and braid the 3 strands together the same way you’d braid hair. You'll want to leave the strands on both ends loose - long enough to allow you to thread the ends through your crocheted bag and tie them together or knot them off.

       · Don't miss: How to Make a Braid-In Rag Rug, How to Make a Rag Rug, and How to Knit Like the Vikings.

    Below are two videos that walk you through making and using plarn - from GemFOX Food and Craft and CraftKnot. Check out their YouTube Channels for more plarn projects.


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    The Lost Art of Braid-In Rag Rugs

    Oval Multi-Colored Braid-in Rug

    The Lost Art of Braid-In Rag Rugs

    Rags can be turned into rugs in several different ways. You can make an Amish Toothbrush Rag Rug, or a No-Sew Crocheted Rag Rug. Both of these types of rugs are made with strips of fabric which get looped/knotted or crocheted until you get the size you want.

    Alternatively, you can braid three strips of fabric together into braids, and then turn the braid into a circular or oval braided rug. Working from the center outward, you’ll need to keep the braids tacked together by stitching them at pretty close intervals so there are no gaping holes.

    There’s another technique, though, where you create a rag rug by braiding, but it doesn’t involve stitching the braids together. These are Braid-in Rag Rugs.

    Erin Halvorsen, whose Youtube Channel is chock full of clear instructions, has good tips on making these rugs.

    She has a four-part tutorial on her Channel where she walks you through how to make them from stretchy fabric, like old t-shirts and other jersey material.

    To make these rugs, you’ll need lots of fabric strips, and either a safety pin, tapestry needle, or yarn needle.

    You can also make one to your own specs, using wire and tape, following instructions from Barri-Jayne.

    Take note: It’s important that whatever you’re using as a ‘needle,’ in this case a blunt threading device - a closed safety pin, tapestry needle, or home-made needle – make sure it doesn’t have a sharp end. It must be round.

    You’re going to be working with 4 strands of t-shirt 'yarn,' and each strand will have a ‘needle’ for working the strand into the rug in its turn, so you don’t want anything sharp slinging around while you’re braiding.

    At some point while you’re working the rug, it might start to curl up at the edges. In Part 1, Erin shows a rug started with cotton sheet yarn, and you can see that it’s starting to warp and buckle because it doesn’t have enough stretchiness to make the turns at the oval ends. She switches to t-shirt fabric and has better luck with her rag rug lying flat.

    In the videos below Erin is careful to explain in detail the steps to make braid-in rag rugs.

         · Don't miss: Crafting Resources.

    Part 1: Braiding with 4 Strands Technique

    Erin shows you that the ends of the strips of jersey have to be different lengths. You will be braiding with lengths of t-shirt yarn and add to each yarn as you go along – you won’t be able to use skeins, because they would get too tangled up.

    You’ll have 4 different lengths of yarns being braided together. And you’ll have to add a new strand of yarn to each braid strand as they start to run out. You'll want to stagger where the yarn strand ends are joined together. 

    Erin demonstrates how you take the outer strand of yarn and braid it so that it’s woven into the three other strands, and looped into the rug that’s being built up from the center out. After each braid, you tug on the strands to get them nicely interlocked.

    We see Erin changing a color by adding one strand to another, using the Amish Knot method. You could also sew or machine-stitch two strands of yarn together.

    Part 2: How to Start a Braid-In Rag Rug

    Part 2 shows how the rug begins. Erin chooses three strands of t-shirt or jersey yarn, places them on top of each other at one end, and stitches them together. You can do this by hand or by machine. Make a three-strand braid for about a foot.

    Lost Art of Braid-In Rag Rugs: Part 3

    You can see that your 3-strand braid has resulted in each piece being folded over. To incorporate the 4th strand, you’ll add it at the end of your foot-long start. You’ll bend it in half, weave it into the 3 strands by going under/over, and then sew or machine stitch this 4th strand to the other strands.

    Now you’re set to start the In-Braiding Method. Place your foot-long starter perpendicular to you, with the strands farthest away from you. Separate the strands a bit to form the order they’ll be braided. You’ve got your first row of braids, about a foot long. Now you’re going to make your second row, working towards yourself.

    Thread each of your strands into a needle or attach safety pins to the ends.

    Erin shows how to In-Braid, reiterating what she demonstrated in the 1st video. It’s a bit harder to make the first few rows, but becomes easier as you go further away from the center.

    Part 4: How to Turn a Corner

    In Part 4, Erin shows what needs to be done to turn the corner.

    So far, Erin’s worked a 3-strand braid going one way for a foot, and then she worked it going the opposite way, incorporating the 4th strand.

    Now she’s back at her starting point, and has to turn a corner in order to continue. In order to do that and keep the rug flat, she adds extra stitches, by braiding in the same holes. These extra stitches compensate for the added volume needed at the oval ends so the rug doesn’t buckle. (If you’ve made a crocheted rag rug, you’ve done this at the oval ends.)

    T-shirt yarn is floppy, and you have to do a lot of tugging and pulling to get this rag rug to be even and sit flat. But if you’ve got the patience to wrestle the fabric around the first couple of turns, it’ll get easier and you’ll end up with a wonderful rug that will last for years.

    How to Finish a Braid-In Rag Rug

    When you’ve got your Braid-In Rag Rug at the desired size, it’s time to properly finish it off. This technique does not involve any stitching.

    Erin demonstrates how to weave the strands into the rug one yarn strand at a time.

    If you'd like to read more about rag rugs, check out How to Make a Rag Rug and How to Make a Toothbrush Amish Rug.

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    Charitable Crafters

    A blue and white striped bknitted baby hat representing charitable crafting items

    Giving Back: Sewing, Knitting, and Crocheting for Charities

    Upcycling, recycling, repurposing, and creating new items for charity is one way crafters spread their love.

    Crafters of all levels can give back and give a boost to those in need. Whether you’re a newbie or can knit with your eyes closed...prefer to knit in the cozy confines of your living room...enjoy getting together and chatting with knitting circle buddies, people of all ages and levels of proficiency can create items that will be cherished and appreciated.

    Knitting, crocheting, and sewing for charity is a great way to put your creative juices and handiwork talents to work for a good cause. Doing good through crafting is a wonderful way to share with others.

    There are all sorts of organizations, both local and across the globe, which look for donated pieces from crafters to distribute to those in need – from birds needing a nest to families who are experiencing homelessness.

    Donating your handmade items made with care for others is a great service, and much appreciated by the charitable organization and the ultimate receiver.

    Your handiwork might even inspire others to learn a new craft, paying forward the creative process that’s so rewarding.

    If keeping costs of raw materials to a minimum is a consideration for whether you can contribute, you can take a page from super-thrifters. You can re-use sweaters if you like – unwind them to reuse the wool, buy discounted yarn, or purchase it at a thrift store. You could even put out a plea on local forums seeking donations of yarn for your donate projects.

    Below are some Charitable Organizations that look for sewers, knitters, and crocheters for their giving programs. Some of the programs have specific needs, and they’ll supply you with directions and free patterns.

    Some have specific time frames for delivering the handmade items to their offices. So, be sure to check charitable websites for any particular instructions.

    All will want you to use clean yarn from a smoke-free environment.

    If you’ve got some spare time for making something to donate, I hope you find an organization and cause that matches the time and effort you can put in.

    You might make new friends along the way!

    A blue and white striped bknitted baby hat representing charitable crafting items

    You can read about the social platform for knitters, or you can head straight over to Ravelry and search for a group to join. Or, perhaps you'd like to start your own by reaching out to knitters in your locale.

    If you're in the UK, you can search for a group near you on the UK Hand Knitting site.

    “We knitters work a powerful magic when we knit for others. By doing so…we can build bridges between warring nations, help to heal deep wounds, offer a primal sort of comfort, and create peace - however small, and in whatever way that may be - for others and for ourselves.”

    Knitting for Peace: Make the World a Better Place One Stitch at a Time by Betty Christiansen and Kiriko Shirobayashi.  

    If you'd like to put some time and effort into charitable craftivism, check out sewmamasew's curated list of charitable programs, Mental Floss's list, and visit the website links below to find a good fit for how you'd like to help out. 

    List of suggested charities

    1 Million Pillowcase Challenge lists charities to contact to see if they need pillowcases for their organizations. All People Quilt offers free pillowcase patterns for this challenge. Be sure to scroll down to the bottom of the page for access to all the .pdf pillowcase patterns.

    afghans for Afghans  "...is a humanitarian and educational people-to-people project that sends hand-knit and crocheted blankets and sweaters, vests, hats, mittens, and socks to the beleaguered people of Afghanistan. This grassroots effort is inspired by Red Cross volunteers who made afghans, socks, slippers, and other items for soldiers and refugees during World Wars I and II and other times of crisis and need. Read about the Red Cross knitting tradition.”

    Binky Patrol "...is an all-volunteer non-profit organization dedicated to making blankets and giving them away to children who are ill abused in shelters, hospitals, and experiencing any type of trauma. Blankets can be sewn, quilted, crocheted, knitted, or tied." 

    Bundles of Love Charity  "...partners with community service agencies to assist Minnesota families in need by providing handmade baby clothing, bedding and basic care items for their newborns. Our vision is to gather communities to support a parent and newborn. We offer peace of mind for families and provide important, essential and practical supplies to show that someone cares.”

    Care Wear "...is a nationwide group of volunteers who knit, crochet, and/or sew, providing handmade baby items directly to hospitals. All Care Wear items are distributed by hospital staff (free) to infants, children and their parents.”

    Dressed in Hope "...is a charity whose goal is to help impoverished girls around the world. We recognize the critical need that must be met in order for these girls—not only to survive—but to thrive as well. By sewing and delivering simple, hand-made dresses and small "pocket dolls" to these deserving girls, we send the message that all girls are worthy of love and respect.

    Hats 4 the Homeless “...distributes knitted goods to the homeless population in New York City every winter. You don’t have to be in NYC to donate; they have an address where you can mail your goods. It’s not just hats, either — they’ll also take scarves, socks, and gloves.”

    Knitting 4 Peace – Women 4 Women “The tangible items we create are personally delivered to women, teens, children, infants, and families in global areas of conflict, including our own neighborhoods and countries around the world.”

    Knots of Love “Our mission at Knots of Love is to warm the hearts and heads of those experiencing traumatic hair loss. Our volunteers lovingly hand-knit and crochet caps for those struggling with treatment-induced hair loss and tiny Neonatal blankets for fragile new lives in incubators. Knots of Love caps and blankets server as a constant reminder to the patient and their loved ones that they are not alone. All Knots of Love handmade creations are distributed free of charge to hospitals and treatment centers throughout the country -- and most importantly at no cost to the patient receiving the caps.”

    Milk Bags Unlimited (Canada) “The milk bag mats offer people without beds, an invaluable, durable and washable alternative to sleeping on the often cold and damp ground. Not only can these milk-bag mats provide comfort as a bedding alternative, but have been used by health-care professionals as a make-ready substitute for an operating bed/table where resources are scarce. It takes approximately 400 milk bags to make an adult sized mat. For quite some time, all across Canada, a community of volunteers, schools, churches and businesses have been collecting milk bags. The milk bags used are the ones that hold the three smaller bags of milk. The bags are cut into strips, tied together, and then woven or crocheted into mats.”

    Mother Bear Project "...is dedicated to providing comfort and hope to children affected by HIV/AIDS in emerging nations, by giving them a gift of love in the form of a hand-knit or crocheted bear. The simple gift of a hand-knit bear with a tag signed by the knitter has touched children with the message that they are unconditionally loved.”

    Project Linus  “...Provide(s) love, a sense of security, warmth and comfort to children who are seriously ill, traumatized, or otherwise in need through the gifts of new, handmade blankets and afghans, lovingly created by volunteer “blanketeers.”

    Quilts of Valor  "cover(s) service members and veterans touched by war with comforting and healing Quilts of Valor.”

    Red Scarf Project “Foster Care to Success helps young adults who have aged out of the government support system. FCS helps to support approximately 5,000 young people every year with various programs – scholarships for college, care packages, academic and personal mentoring, and help with readiness skills for internships and employment. They receive financial support, career coaching, and care packages. Each year, The Red Scarf Project sends Valentine’s Day care packages to foster students in need of encouragement as they graduate from high school and move on to college. Nothing shows someone you care like a handmade item, even if that someone is a stranger. See the red scarf guidelines and start knitting or crocheting a scarf for the next cycle of care packages, then browse Craftsy’s knitted neckwear and crocheted neckwear patterns to find one you’d like to make.”

    Snuggles Project "...is well-known as a multi-beneficial project. The first, and most important, benefit is to the animals. After being given a Snuggle, a frightened and/or difficult to handle animal is able to become calm. This calming effect gives the animal and the caregiver time to learn how to handle the situation. We believe that this calming effect has saved the lives of many newly-sheltered animals. The Snuggles Project remains a very popular program of Hugs Society (formerly Hugs for Homeless Animals). Its popularity is worldwide. People from all around the world make Snuggles and donate them to their local animal shelters and rescues. Since its inception we have provided more than a million Snuggles to shelter animals around the world. And that number continues to grow.”

    Teddies for Tragedies “When tragedy strikes somewhere in the world, the first members of society to suffer are the children. Teddies for Tragedies works to alleviate some of the stress that prevails when these catastrophes occur. The simple gift of a hand-knitted teddy bear sends these children the message that someone in the world cares for them and that they are loved. You can help. Volunteers are the essential ingredient of Teddies for Tragedies. Follow our patterns to crochet or knit a bear or bears, and then send them to us. If you can’t crochet or knit, sew a bag or bags for the bears, or help us with donations of yarn and stuffing.”

    The Dulaan Project “Dulaan is the Mongolian word for warm. This project seeks to inspire the generous spirit of the knitting community to help meet the needs of Mongolia’s impoverished people. Mongolia’s winter is extreme. It rarely gets above freezing temperatures on winter days, and can often plunge to -40°F at night. The capital city, Ulaanbaatar, is the coldest capital in the world. Warm, well-made clothing can allow a child to go to school or an adult to go to work; restore a sense of dignity; and, in some cases, literally save a life. This project was started in 2005 at the height of FIRE’s aid distribution project.  

    UK, Australia, and South Africa

    Knitters in the UK can visit the UK Hand Knitting's site, and Australian knitters can visit Knitters Guild NSW and Knitting-and, where they'll find links to organizations that ask for donated knitted projects.

    South Africa's Knit A Square "...program has inspired volunteers in more than 54 countries to knit and crochet 8”x 8"(20 cm) blanket squares, hats, vests and sweaters....South Africa has an estimated 1.9 million orphans and abandoned children...For these children, a blanket can be the difference between life and death. Between hope and despair."

    Local Charitable Crafting

    There are many ways to help others with your crafting skills. You can work on your own at your own pace, you can join a group, or you can form a group.

    There are local hospitals or charitable organizations which would welcome donated handmade knitted or sewn items - childrens' wings of hospitals, homeless shelters, and animal rescue shelters.

    A group you join or organize might get inspiration from a national program, which you could use to focus an idea locally. You'll be helping people in your local community, and can be more involved in direct needs and how to help individuals in need.

    You might choose to make pillowcases for a local hospital, or quilts for relief for hurricane victims or other natural disasters.

    You can also teach your skills. Some after school programs and some homeless shelters welcome volunteers who can teach knitting and crocheting. You could be the spark that introduces someone to a new passion and teaches them skills which can be used to make or sell things. 

    Using the list of organizations above, or a local search, make sure to research deadlines for projects, and any changes in what they require or need.

    Free Patterns for Charitable Crafters

    Bev’s Country Cottage "provides free patterns for crafters who love to make warm, needed items for humanitarian purposes. She offers patterns for all kinds of items: cancer hats, preemie hats and booties, senior citizen lapghans and slippers, kids mittens, cat blankets, leprosy bandages and much more. Check out the charity listings on this site."

    Ravelry has patterns offered by different charitable organizations looking for knitted donations

    Videos You Might Like

    Below are two videos about crafting for charity.

    Next, check out Bob Makes Socks to see how a group of pals makes a big difference.

    If you know of a charity looking for crafted donations, please let us know at hello@thebrooklynrefinery.com, and we’ll add it to the list!

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    "Primitive technology is a hobby where you make things in the wild completely from scratch using no modern tools or materials. This is the strict rule. If you want a fire- use fire sticks, an axe- pick up a stone and shape it, a hut- build one from trees, mud, rocks etc. The challenge is seeing how far you can go without modern technology. If this hobby interests you then this blog might be what you are looking for.” John Plant Primitive Technology

    John Plant is a crafter-maker-hobbyist-adventurer in Australia. He’s also a historical reenactor and primitive technology enthusiast with a camera and a video editing program. We get to follow him on his escapades in the woods of northern Australia as he makes things using only what’s available in his immediate environment, which some are calling Stone Age technology.

    John shares his hobby with over 9.1 million youtube subscribers, and his videos get an average of over 507,000 daily views. He’s definitely hit a nerve when it comes to what a lot of us are craving.

    For one thing, there’s no narrative storyline that’s read over the video. It features one man in a forest, using only what’s available at hand. He theoretically starts with nothing and gradually builds a hut, a stove, woven goods, some pottery, and a pair of sandals.

    You get to hear the sounds of the forest: the crunching of plants on the ground as he walks through the woods, the sound of stripping leaves and bark off plants, crickets stridulating, and birds chirping and singing.

    You can see that he’s there alone – he sets up many angles for his shots, none which pan his action, which would show us that he’s got a cameraman or woman there with him.

    A good part of his crafting-making is sharing his adventure with his viewers - editing his footage back home, and uploading it to fans around the world. (Fans can support him directly by donating to his Patreon page.)

    "When I'm not in the wild I spend most of my time on the internet researching primitive technology" among other subjects, Plant said. "I don't live in the wild. This is just an interest, though I camp out in the huts some times." John Plant, CNBC interview 

    Here's what John does in North Australia, which 9.1 million of us love to watch:

    Next watch John make baskets from scratch.

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    How to Make an Amish Toothbrush Rag Rug

    How to Make an Amish Toothbrush Rag Rug

    A really great recycling project is to make a toothbrush rag rug. You don’t actually need a toothbrush…it’s just a left-over term from half a century ago.

    You can make a rug that’s the size and the colors you want from old sheets and cotton that no longer serve their original purposes.

    It requires ripping, making small cuts, and doing lots of threading loops and pulling them tight. That’s it—no sewing! Below are some written and video instructions to get you started.

    Gather Some Material

    You’re going to rip cotton into long strips that are 1 ½ to 2 inches wide, and about 44 inches long. Once you’ve got the hang of it, you can make the pieces as long or short as you want, depending on how much ‘tail’ you can tolerate when doing the threading, and how often you’d like the colors and patterns to change.

    You’ll need old sheets or fabric that’s easy to rip. You can aim to have a plain color rug, whether it’s a solid color or several solid colors. Or you can use fabric with patterns – which, when worked into knots that make up your rug, will end up in a mottled pattern.

    To make this rug, you’ll be connecting long pieces of scrap fabric together. For your first rug, you should try and gather lightweight cotton that’s flexible and easy to handle. 

    When you get used to this technique, you’ll be able to mix up fabrics with different weights as much as you like and handle changes in flexibility like a pro.

    Join the strips

    You’ve got scrap fabric that’s been cut or ripped into pieces that are 1 ½ to 2” wide x 44” long. At each of the two ends of the long strips, you’ll need to cut a small slit. This slit is how you’re going to join one piece of fabric to the next. Using sharp scissors, cut about a ½ inch slit in the end, starting at about ½ inch in from the end. The easiest way to do this is to fold over the end and make a ¼ inch snip on the fold.

    Let’s call the 1st strip Strip A, the second Strip B, and so on. To start your rug, you’re going to have to join an anchor strip to another one. To start this process, feed Strip B through an end snipped hole of Strip A. Feed it through just 6 inches or so. Then take the other end of Strip B and put it through the snipped end of Strip B that just got passed through Strip A. Pull it all the way through, and tighten it a bit.

    This way of joining two strips - an Amish knot - gives you something that looks like a mini necktie knot.

    Sometimes it’s just easier to watch an example…Barri-Jayne Makes has a wonderful video tutorial 'How to Make a Round Amish Knot Toothbrush Rag Rug.' 

    Watch below:

    Make the Loops

    Barri-Jayne explains that years ago every toothbrush had a hole in the handle. Toothbrushes would be upcycled to become rug-making needles, by cutting off the brush end and rounding it off. So, the fabric would be threaded through the toothbrush hole.

    These days you can purchase a rag rug needle, or you can create your own needle from some wire and masking tape, as Barri-Jayne shows us at 1:20 in her video.

    Barri-Jayne creates the rug from a center and works her way outward, making circles of knots. You can stop whenever you feel your rug is the size you want.

    After you’ve made a few circles by looping fabric through holes, you’ll see that your holes are becoming much bigger than your original holes. You’ll create more holes in the next circle by doubling the number of loops you make in each hole, in order to keep the rug the same mass throughout. You can see this technique at 10:35 in the video. Then, you’ll go back to one loop per hole.

    When your strip of fabric becomes short because most of it has been worked into your rug, you’ll add another strip by the snip-and-feed no-sew method of joining two strips together.

    Just keep going round and round until you’ve got the size rug you want. To finish the rug off, you’ll tie the two strips together in a square knot, and tuck the ends through several loops on the underside of the rug, just to keep them out of the way and not visible.

    Below are two more videos from Barri-Jayne Makes: How to Make an Oval Amish Toothbrush Rag Rug, and Washing Handmade Amish Rag Rugs.

    If you're an upcycling or farmhouse-style enthusiast, you might also like The Lost Art of Braid-in Rag Rugs and How to Make a Rag Rug. If you like to repurpose fabric and yarn, you might like our post DIY MIndset.

    Amish-Made Goods

    Want to explore some hand-made dollhouses, doll clothes, doll quilts, and dollhouse furniture made by Ohio-based Amish craftspersons? To see and purchase, visit our post Amish Made Dollhouses. The sturdy wooden miniatures and cotton doll clothes and quilts are a great addition to any doll collection, and are made to last. 

    Books 

    Below are shopping links to some books that would be a great addition to any DIY- and farmhouse-style household. Please note that as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases - at no extra cost to you!

    This cook book features Amish and Mennonite comfort food recipes, including homemade root beer, Shoofly Pie, Apple Dumplings, Chicken Pot Pie, Rhubarb Jam, and more.

    This book will teach you how to create a twined rag rug, using a homemade frame and scrap fabric. It includes step-by-step diagrams and photos for 9 samplers.

    With gorgeous color photographs and clear, straightforward instructions, Suzanne McNeill presents 16 projects to make with strips of fabric. For rafters of all ages and skill levels. 

    This classic book has everything a weaver needs to know about weaving rag rugs, from basic information to drafts for 20 traditional two- and four-shaft patterns. 

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    How to Make a Rag Rug

    A photo of a circle rag rug, which has been made via recycling

    How to Make a Rag Rug

    The great thing about making a rag rug is that you can create a gorgeous functional handcrafted item that will last many years – and may be a cherished family heirloom – for very little money.

    You can use sheets or cotton from clothes that you were going to toss or donate. If you’re looking for certain colors or patterns to incorporate into your rug, you could head out to your favorite fabric store. Or, save money and head to your local thrift store (at my local Goodwill Bin store, I pay for good quality cotton shirts by the pound). Making a rag rug doesn’t require a lot of investment up front – as long as you can get your hands on approximately 10 yards of cotton or cotton blend fabric.

    Fabric Prep


    Cutting and Tearing

    You’ll need to either cut or tear strips of fabric to get started (see How to Make an Amish Rag Rug if you need instructions). If you cut the fabric you’ll have to make sure you’re cutting straight lines, either along the selvedge or against the selvedge.

    You don’t want to end up with a higgly-piggly cut or a diagonal cut if you can help it because then you’ll have compromised the strength of your fabric in the first case, and made it too stretchy in the second case.

    Unless you want that extra added texture in your rug to pop up now and then, you’ll want to get rid of the selvedge. The selvedges are the long sides of the fabric. You’ll want to make a scissor snip close to one of the selvedges, then grab the 2 parts where the snip’s been made, and just tear. You’ll be tearing with the weave of the cotton, so you’ll get a straight line.

    Measure 1 ½ to 2 inches from that tear line, make a scissor snip, and tear. Keep measuring and tearing until you’ve torn the entire piece of fabric into strips.

    If you want to try your hand at working with a double-length long strip, then you can do a simple trick at the end of the fabric. Don’t rip all the way – rip to about an inch from the end, and make a snip 1 ½ to 2 inches to start the next width, and rip to the very end. You can see this technique at 3:02 in the video.

    Turn Your Long Strips into Skeins

    You’ll most likely have random threads that are hanging from the sides of the strips. You’ll want to gently pull them away from your strips. The strips will have these raw edges, but they’re strong, and will be even stronger when they’re turned into looped knots.

    Gather your strips into balls, or wrap them into skeins. When you run out of material, you’re going to have to join the next strip or skein by making an Amish Knot, aka Scandinavian Knot. For quick instructions, refer to the first video in our How to Make an Amish Rag Rug post. You'll find instructions at the timestamp 4:00 - 5:25.

    If you’d like, you can always join your pieces by stitching them together on a machine, either by overlapping two pieces, or by making a seam. If you’ve got a rotary fabric cutter, see-through ruler, and self-healing cutting mat, you can pretty easily make a continuous piece of sheet yarn using a technique you can see in Erin Halvorsen’s video 'Learn to Cut Sheet Yarn in One Long Strip,' below.

    Watch Video Tutorials 

    In the Amish Toothbrush Rag Rug, Barri-Jayne uses 4 loops to get her round rug going. Here, Anna Dearing uses 21 initial stitches to get her oval rug going.

    Barri-Jayne had to add extra loops when her rag rug holes got too big. Anna adds crochet stitches at the ends of her ovals so the rug doesn’t buckle.

    When you’re finished, you’ve got something that’ll be warm underfoot in the wintertime, and will be durable. You can throw it in the washer and dryer multiple times, and it’ll just keep its shape.

    Erin shows us how to make a beautifully colored crocheted rag rug in her 2-part tutorial:

    Part 1: Runner Rag Rug

    Part 2: Runner Rag Run

    For making different types of rag rugs, read our posts The Lost Art of Braid-in Rag Rugs and How to Make a Toothbrush Amish Rag Rug. You might find our post Crafting Resources helpful - with lists of free resources and How-To's.

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    5 Ways to Repurpose T-Shirts

    T-shirts made into shopping bags

    How to Not Let Go...

    There comes a time when we have to face the facts about our favorite cotton t-shirts – they just don’t last forever, no matter how much we love them. Cotton has a life-span, and a t-shirt’s lifespan gets a little shorter every time it gets sent through the washer and dryer, or suffers the injustices of stains and holes.

    But, just because they're not in top form doesn’t mean we’re ready to let them go. They hold our memories - concerts, schools, favorite bands, hobbies, sports teams we love, vacations, travel.

    It’s hard to give them up!

    How do you deal with that pile of guilt-by-association cloth? The sentiment attached to these objects runs high. 

    So, you don't have to toss your sentimental t-shirts. You can keep the memories close to you, in something other than t-shirt form. Why not turn them into something that's utilitarian?

    Below are some fun ideas for re-purposing t-shirts, with links to clever crafters (from as far away as Australia!) who know how to recycle and upcycle with style. There a a lot of links below that'll take you to projects for making bags, quilts, blankets, pillow covers, scarves, beach bags, and market totes.

    I hope you find a project you'd like to try - to breathe some new life into your old cotton friends.

    1. Quilts

    Turn t-shirts into a quilt. A keepsake memory quilt would make a wonderful gift, a great wall-hanging, a couch throw, a homemade sleeping bag, or a cozy bed cover.

    You can treat the t-shirts just like you would any other fabric. Stitch together large squares and add borders, or make a patterned quilt.

    Head over to National Quilters Circle for Samantha Miller’s Quick and Easy T-Shirt Quilt Tutorial.

    2. Blankets

    Gather your t-shirts and cut them into the size squares you want, and then stitch them together. Skip the inner batting that would make a quilt, and just add a backing. Depending on the size and shape, you’ll end up with a blanket, couch throw, beach blanket, picnic blanket, kid’s tent, dog blanket, or car blanket.

    Justine Stuckenschneider has a wonderful T-Shirt Blanket Tutorial over at You’re So Martha.

    If you like lots of textures, consider checking out the Instructables site for easy lessons on making a No Sew T-Shirt Blanket. You'll see how to cut the edges of t-shirt squares into strips that can be knotted with other squares to make a blanket without stitching pieces together. You’ll end up with a lot of knots and fringe and a really unique looking blanket.

    3. Pillow Cover

    Turn some favorite t-shirts into a pillow cover - for a bed, a chair, a couch, a playroom, or a pet’s bed.

    The DIY Network shows you How to Make Throw Pillows Out of Old T-Shirts.

    The DIY Mommy has a quick tutorial for How to Sew an Easy Pillow Cover. She uses regular fabric in her tutorial, but you can certainly use favorite t-shirts and sew a no-frills (no buttons, no zipper) pillow cover by following her instructions and stitching it up with a simple slipstitch. Watch how she does it below!

    Australian crafters at Fiskars Craft (photo below) have shared a tutorial on making a T-Shirt Rag Quilt Pillow. It looks like a vintage piece, turning favorite t-shirts into a patchwork pillowcase, with fringe added for extra coziness. 

    Faith Rim at The Mod Girl shares a tutorial on making a no-sew pillow cover, cutting strips into the edges of two t-shirts and then tying the strips together to create a front and back for the cover.

    4. Memory Scarf

    What a great way to keep your favorite memories alive, and close. You can share your sentiments while keeping warm! Makezine has a tutorial for a T-Shirt Memory Scarf.

    This would be a great project for two friends to do together, sharing parts of t-shirts so they end up with similar scarves.

    5. Tote, Beach, or Grocery Bags

    This project is so fast and simple that it would be a great beginner’s sewing project. You re-purpose a t-shirt by cutting off the sleeves, cutting a scoop at the neckline, and stitching the front and back panels together at the hem. It can easily be folded up to tote around until you need to use it, and then it’s super stretchy for conveniently carrying groceries or gear home.


    Sewmargaretsew at The Instructables has a wonderful tutorial (photo above via sewmargaretsew) for making a quick and easy bag. 

    Heather at mommypotamus has a written step by step tutorial on how to make a no-sew t-shirt tote bag, using the cutting and knotting technique we’ve seen before. This is a great project for a beginner.

    And...

    If you prefer watching video tutorials, check out The Smithsonian American Art Museum's video Handi-hour Crafting: T-shirt Bags.

    Burda Style takes the t-shirt bag idea and expands on it. They show how to make a Net Bag DIY project, where making horizontal snips at regular intervals creates a super-stretchy bag that can help you de-sand your clothes at the beach, or give your veggies some breathing room.

    It flips the previous t-shirts so that the hemmed bottom of the t-shirt becomes the top of the carry bag. With a curved cut and stitch, you’ve got a chic bag. 

    There’s a tutorial from the blog betweenthelines where the cuts are made vertically rather than horizontally. Gorgeous!

    You might also want to check out Recycling and Upcycling for Crafts, How to Felt a Wool Sweater, How to Make a Plarn Bag, and DIY Mindset.

    Above photo via Delia Creates. Main post photo via Instructables.

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    A DIY Mindset

    Resourceful and thrifty crafters have always seen the possibilities in donated, discarded, and under-utilized materials.

    An astounding amount of items end up being discarded – while still having lots of “life” left in them.

    Cotton and wool have natural life spans. You can feel with your fingers how far along a natural fiber is in its lifespan – the cotton is either worn thin or gets too rough-feeling. Aged wool starts to lose its shape.

    If you’re a recycler or an up-cycler, then you’ll want to give your clothes a boost every time they need it – stitching on a new button, or making a weaving repair of a hole. You’ll be keeping old traditions alive, such as darning and fine stitching, and you’ll be able to keep your favorite clothes for a little longer.

    From Old to New Again

    But when clothes finally lose their oomph – their youthful elasticity - and are beyond repair, then we can repurpose them. We can turn them into patches for pants, fabric for quilts, or even yarn to be knitted, crocheted, or woven into a rug.

    You loved your clothes for their color or pattern, or because they reminded you of a time and place. So, why not give them another life in another form?

    I’ve sourced fabric from all but one of these:

    • From around our house
    • From friends and family
    • Thrift stores
    • Church sales
    • Auctions
    • Swap meets
    • Craigslist
    • Local offer-ups
    • Curb alerts
    • Online auctions
    • Library sales
    • Estate sales
    • Flea markets
    • Police auctions

    Okay, not police auctions. I was just kidding about that one.

    Church sales, flea markets, auctions, and thrift stores are American as apple pie. Our thrifty ancestors took old wool blankets and turned them into hooked rugs, and turned old shirts and sheets into quilts and rag rugs.

    A DIY Mindset in Action

    While recycling and repurposing aren’t uniquely American, it seems like hunting down bargains and, at the same time, keeping items from going to the incinerator is a pastime that many of us are passionate about.

    Below is a video about a thrifty knitter who sources for yarn at thrift stores—but he’s looking for sweaters, not balls of yarn. I don't think anyone would be able to tell that the sweaters he knits started out as sweaters picked up for pennies on the dollar. Watch the video and see if you agree with me!

    When you unravel a sweater to reuse the wool, you’ll most likely have a lot of kinks that you’ll want to get out. Staci from Very Pink Knits lets us in on her process of preparing salvaged yarn for re-use.

    If you're just getting started with knitting, you might want to check out Yarn and Knitting Basics and How to Knit. Finally, you'll find free patterns here: 35,000 Free Knitting and Crocheting Patterns.

    BOOKS

    Below are some books about repurposing wool and cotton into new projects. Click through to see the books on Amazon. [As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no extra cost to you).]

    The Sweater Chop Shop: Sewing One-of-a-Kind Creations from Recycled Sweaters by Crispina Ffrench

    The ReFashion Handbook: Refit, Redesign, Remake for Everybody by Beth Huntington

    Sweater Surgery: How to Make New Things With Old Sweaters by Stefanie Girard

    Sewing Green: 25 Projects Made With Repurposed & Organic Materials Plus Tips & Resources for Earth-Friendly Stitching by Betz White

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    Crafting on a Budget

    I keep a list of projects I want to tackle in a crafting journal. There's the crazy quilt project I want to start, the pants I'd love to patch with denim and layer with Sashiko stitching, and the Newfoundland, Canada-style trigger finger mittens I'd love to knit. 

    Some projects are for the future - when I can afford to buy the material I need. The projects that move to the head of the line are the ones with a list of materials I can afford. A lot of times, I can afford them because I'm repurposing something I already own (like the gorgeous but stained linen shirt that gets turned into a favorite kitchen towel).

    Other times, part of the fun and challenge is trying to see if I can make my project with little or no money up front. 

    So, how do I afford to make big projects on a limited budget? I go thrifting. I go on a hunting-gathering mission that unearths a treasure trove of materials to work with.

    Thrifty Sourcing

    Here in the US, we have many choices for finding items that are between homes. We can go searching at church sales, garage sales, neighborhood block sales, rummage sales, stoop sales, yard sales, swap meets, thrift stores, consignment stores, Goodwill bin stores, and Buy-the-Bag stores.

    We can also find items through Craigslist, social media, online forums, auctions, storage auctions, online auctions (Ebay, Goodwill, Police), pawn shops, discount stores, 99 Cent stores, antique markets, friends, neighbors, and family members.

    Phew! That’s a lot of places to look!

    If you head to a thrift store you can be pretty sure you'll find some wool and cotton items you can use to craft into something new. Sometimes you can even find brand new items, deeply discounted. You just never know what you may come across.

    If I want to go straight to a place where I’m sure to source some affordable cotton for a project, I head to my local Goodwill Bin store and pay $1.79 per pound for clothes and fabric.

    Once I spot a color or pattern I like, I check to see if the item is 100% cotton, and in good shape. If I’m in luck, I can find enough good cotton to make a quilt top for under $10. 

    How to Upcycle Items  

    WOOL

    Knitted items can be reused by either shrinking them or unraveling them. Purposefully shrinking knitted items creates a dense, matted fabric. To create this repurposed knitting, follow the instructions in How to Felt a Wool Sweater. The felted wool is a wonderful material for making blankets and mittens.

    Sweaters and other knitted or crocheted items can be unraveled. The yarn from the unraveled item can be unkinked, and wound into skeins. The yarn can then be reused to make new knitted and crocheted items.

    Read about a knitter who shops for his yarn at thrift stores. And get directions for preparing yarn for reuse.

    Woven wool blankets and fabric can also be used to make patchworked quilts and hooked rugs.

    COTTON

    Cotton shirts, dresses, blouses, t-shirts and skirts can be repurposed into quilts and rag rugs. 

    If you're planning on upcycling fabric to make a quilt, simply wash, dry, and cut away any unusable areas of all your sourced pieces to prepare them for repurposing. You can follow instructions for making a quilt here.

    If your intended project requires you to use a long, continuous type of fabric (like rag rugs), you'll need to create a yarn. 

    You can make repurposed fabric yarn out of cottons of all types, including denim. T-shirts can be cut and joined together to make a soft, stretchy yarn that will feel cozy underfoot as a rag rug. 

    You'll need to turn your sourced sweaters or fabric into continuous strips. For making rag rugs, you can cut strips of fabric into long lengths, and connect them by stitching or knotting

    Below you'll see how to turn sweaters, denim, t-shirts, and plastic bags into yarn.

    Turning Sweaters into Yarn

    If you’re looking to knit using a certain color or a certain type of yarn, check out your favorite thrift or consignment store and look for a sweater that you can take apart.

    If you’ve got an old knitted sweater that you’re about to toss, you might want to take the time to turn it into a skein of yarn that you can use on a project.

    Below are videos of a a knitter (beckylee620) who explains in great detail which sweaters can be unraveled and turned into skeins of yarn.

    If you want to work with wool and you come across something that doesn't have a label, you'll have to do some detective work to figure out whether it's wool or acrylic. Even if you're pretty good at being able to tell by touch, the best way to quickly categorize your yarn is to hold a lighted match under the end of a piece of the mystery yarn and look at the results. If it's acrylic, it will have formed a hard ball that will reveal that it's plastic.

    There are other ways to determine what your yarn is. Wikihow's How to Tell Wool From Acrylic Yarn outlines a few tricks.

    The Wikihow page also shows you how to "felt" two pieces of wool, a really handy way to join two strands of wool yarn together so you don’t have to make any knots to keep a continuous strand going. Felting involves separating wool ends into two pieces, joining four pieces together where two ends meet, moistening them, and rolling them together.

    Using this felting joining wool method, you can gather yarn from the sleeves, front, and back of a sweater and have one continuous piece of yarn.

    Turning Jeans Into Denim Yarn

    Here’s how to make denim yarn from jeans via HanJan Crochet:

    Turning T-Shirts Into Yarn

    Here’s how to make t-shirt yarn via Sustain My Craft Habit:

    Turning Plastic Bags Into Yarn

    PLARN is yarn made from plastic bags, which is great for making items like strong, reusable shopping bags, and sleeping mats that are resistant to bugs. Instructions for making PLARN can be found on Plastic Bag Craft’s site. To the right of the instructions you'll find several links to plarn projects under Recent Posts.

    Other posts you might like: How to Make a Plarn BagDIY Mindset5 Ways to Repurpose T-Shirts, and How to Make a Rag Rug.

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